Unit 7: Genetics

Question 1

Who discovered the fundamental principles of genetics?

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel

Question 2

P generation
F1 generation
F2 generation

Answer 2

P: true breeding parental plants
F1: hybrid offspring of P generation
F2: offspring from F1 generation

Question 3

Monohybrid cross

Answer 3

The mating of two parents that differ on only one trait

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

Different versions of genes

Question 5

Homozygous

Answer 5

2 identical alleles for a gene

Question 6

Heterozygous

Answer 6

2 different alleles for a gene

Question 7

Dominant allele

Answer 7

The allele that determines an organism’s characteristics when inheriting two different alleles

Question 8

Recessive allele

Answer 8

The allele that has no noticeable effect in an organism’s appearance

Question 9

Law of Segregation

Answer 9

A sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited character because allele pairs separate from each other during the production of gamates

Question 10

Genotype vs phenotype

Answer 10

Genotype: genetic makeup
Phenotype: physical traits

Question 11

Where do alleles of a gene reside?

Answer 11

At the same locus on a homologous chromosome

Question 12

Law of independent assortment

Answer 12

Each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation