Unit 7 - Conflict in the Early 20th Century Flashcards
1890-1945 10-17%
What are
tenements?
7
Hastily and poorly constructed close-living quarters used by families in industrial cities particularly throughout the 19th and 20th centuries; they tended to have no plumbing and very poor ventilation, leading to massive disease outbreaks, including cholera outbreaks.
The problematic living quarters spurred controversy, leading to some reformative policies like the 1901 New York City Tenement House Act, which stipulated that tenement residents must have access to light, air, and that tenements must adhere to higher construction standards.
What were
Muckrakers?
7
These were novelists and journalists during the Progressive Era that used their writing to expose societal injustices, critique big business, and promote reform. Included people like Ida B. Wells, Ida Tarbell, and Upton Sinclair. Sinclair’s novels, depicting meat packaging processes, led to the 1906 Meat Inspection Act and contributed to the development of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act.
Explain the
Meat Inspection Act of 1906
7
Instigated by Sinclair’s novel.
Stipulated that any meat packaging crossing state borders was subject to federal inspection.
Who was
Upton Sinclair?
7
Progressive Era Muckraker, whose fictional novel “The Jungle” emphasized the more detestable meat packaging processes in Chicago; catalyzed the development of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act and the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act.
Who was
Florence Kelley?
7
Progressive Era activist; major advocate for the Illinois Factory Act of 1893, which limited working hours for women and children.
Founded the National Consumers’ League in 1899, which helped voice the concerns of workers, promoted fair trade practices, and improving working conditions.
Who is
Jacob Riis?
7
A Progressive-Era muckraker who specialized in using photography to expose the living conditions of the working class. Used photography in his book, “How the Other Half Lives”, to expose the horrible living conditions in tenements and poor neighborhoods, which led to reform movements and improved housing regulations as well as welfare systems.
Who was
Jane Addams?
7
A middle-class woman who established the first social settlement, the Hull House, in 1889 in the ghettos of Chigaco. She advocated for better street lighting, playgrounds, garbage removal, and police protection.
Who was
Margaret Sanger?
7
She was a nurse in the poor parts of New York City and saw many complications caused by unwanted pregnancies. She was a strong advocate for the legalization of birth control and wrote the pamphlet “Family Limitation” to educate women on birth control options.
Established the American Birth Control League, which later turned into Planned Parenthood, and established the first birth control clinic in the United States.
Explain the
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
7
Emergency doors had been locked to prevent employee theft at the New York Triangle Shirtwaist factory, so when a fire broke out in 1911, 146 workers (mostly young women) died because they were unable to escape.
It led to a major outbreak of anger and Progressive-Era laws including building safety inspections and fire codes.
What was the
Hull House?
7
The first social settlement established in the United States, by Jane Addams in 1889 in the ghettos of Chicago. It led to similar settlements popping up across the nation, provided welfare programs and aid to community residents.
Explain the
National Consumer’s League
7
A nonprofit advocate group founded in 1899 by Florence Kelley in order to leverage the voices of workers and to advocate better working conditions and wages, particularly for women.
Explain the
Women’s Trade Union League
7
This was an alliance between middle class “allies” and working women who came together to advocate better conditions for working women.
Had various breakthroughs, the most significant of which is the “uprising of the twenty thousand” in New York City.
