Unit 7 - Communicable Diseases

Question 1

communicable disease

Answer 1

illness casued by infectious agent or toxins, direct or indirect transmission

Question 2

bacteria

Answer 2

• single celled
• genomic and plasmid DNA

Question 3

viruses

Answer 3

• replicate in living cell
• hijack machinery to produce more

Question 4

protozoans

Answer 4

• often motile
• proliferative and dormant stage

Question 5

helminths

Answer 5

• parasitic worms
• developing countries
• chronic impact

Question 6

prions

Answer 6

• misfoled protein
• do not have DNA or RNA

Question 7

respiratory (route of transmission)

Answer 7

• high risk
• fast and easy
• difficult to prevent

Question 8

tissue penetration (route of transmission)

Answer 8

• only risk if parasite is present
• high risk in endemic areas (hard to control)

Question 8

Gastrointestinal (route of transmission)

Answer 8

• high risk
• food and water borne
• everyone eats and drinks

Question 9

Vector (route of transmission)

Answer 9

• risk varies based on presents of vectors
• if vectors are present transmission can be fast and hard to control

Question 10

sexual contact (route of transmission)

Answer 10

• high risk
• easy to prevent
• hard to detect (sometimes)

Question 11

transplantation (route of transmission)

Answer 11

• low risk
• guaranteed development
• very preventable

Question 12

entry and exit

Answer 12

• respiratory
• gastrointestinal
• urogenital
• skin
• mucosa

Question 13

disease reservoir

Answer 13

sources that harbour infectious biological hazards and thus serve as potential sources for disease.

Question 14

vector

Answer 14

an agent of infection, that carries pathogen to the next host

Question 15

zoonotic reservoirs

Answer 15

animals
animal to human

Question 16

sapronotic reservoirs

Answer 16

environmental

Question 17

anthroponotic reservoirs

Answer 17

humans
human to human

Question 18

fungi

Answer 18

• opportunistic pathogens (take advantage of individual in disease state)
• single cell

Question 19

innate immunity

Answer 19

• very quick
• cut yourself - innate response
  (95 % of challenges)

Question 20

adaptive immunity

Answer 20

• remembers past experience
• high specific, activates later
  Antibodies and immulogical memeory

Question 21

herd immunity (how to achieve)

Answer 21

majority must be vaccinated to achieve
(high vaccine efficacy, high vaccine rate)

Question 22

three one health things

Answer 22

1. shared environment
2. safe food and food systems
3. shared medicines and interventions

Question 23

one health

Answer 23

shift from human disease centred health to encompassing ecosystem based approach (human, animals, ecosystem)

Question 24

emerging infectious diseases (EID)

Answer 24

caused by newly identified species or strain, or spread to new area

Question 25

things that contribute to (EID)

Answer 25

- microbial adaptation - climate change - public health breakdown etc.