Unit 3 - Measuring the Health of Populations Flashcards
Historical Definition of health
The absence of disease
Modern Definition of health
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
4 categories of wellness and disease
wellness without disease
wellness with disease
illness without disease
illness with disease
Redefined WHO version of health
level of health that permits people to lead socially and economically productive lives
quantitative
numbers (ex. milestones)
qualitative
interpretation
binary measure of health
mortality. Healthy or dead and thats not great
two most common mortality based measurements
life expectancy at birth
infant mortality rates
Disability adjusted life year (DALY)
loss of quality of life adds to loss in health years
Years of Health Life Lost (YHLL)
loss of quality of life adds to loss in health years
first time a behaviour was recognised as a negative health factor
1996 smoking (risk factor was now identifiable - big impact)
risk factor
factors that influence the health of the population
biological factors
genetic endowments, aging
environmental factors
food, air, water, exposure to infectious disease
lifestyle factors
diet, injury avoidance, smoking
psychosocial facotrs
poverty, stress, personalty, culture
access to health services
living in poverty reduces access - increase risk. linked to DOH
correlation of risk factors
often very connected. Stress - smoking - (financial strain) - diet, poverty.
Gini Coefficent
measure of income inequality.
0 is all income values the same
1 maximal inequality
Incidence
rate over time (new cases in a pop.)
prevalence
total number of cases at a specific time
epidemiology
the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations
Who
characterise the disease victims
when
trend in disease frequency over time
