unit 7: cognition (complete) Flashcards
1
Q
memory
A
- persistence of learning over time
- acquired
2
Q
encoding
A
- getting info inside the brain
- processing
ex: hearing someone’s name
3
Q
storage
A
- retaining info
- significance
ex: remembering someone’s name
4
Q
retrieval
A
- to get info out
- recall
ex: teaching someone the lesson
5
Q
parallel processing
A
- processing simultaneously
ex: smell, taste, and sound
6
Q
sensory input
A
- immediate brief recording of memory
ex: introductions and names
7
Q
short-term memory
A
- holds a few items briefly
- memorizing a phone # for a few seconds
8
Q
long-term memory
A
- permanent/limitless
- skills
ex: running, knowledge
9
Q
working memory
A
- conscious/active processing of incoming info
ex: paying attention in class
10
Q
explicit memory
A
- facts and personally experienced events
- EASY to explain
11
Q
effortful processing
A
- encoding info w a conscious effort
ex: recalling info from class yesterday
12
Q
automatic processing
A
- unconscious encoding of info
ex: walking
IMPLICIT: impossible to explain
13
Q
implicit memory
A
- automatic memory of skills/behaviors
(nondeclarative)
ex: walking/talking/not eating a certain food bc of food poisoning
14
Q
iconic memory
A
- short term memory lasting a few seconds b/c of senses
ex: memorizing a picture
EYE-conic
15
Q
echoic memory
A
- sensory memory of auditory stimuli
ECHO-ic
16
Q
chunking
A
- organizing into familiar units
- association
ex: phone numbers
17
Q
mnemonics
A
- memory techniques using imagery and organizational devices
ex: acronyms
18
Q
spacing effect
A
- distributed study/practice
ex: studying everyday for 30 min
19
Q
testing effect
A
- enhanced memory after retrieving
ex: tests/quizzes
20
Q
shallow processing
A
- encoding on a basic level of how words sound
- speech
ex: learning a new language but not able to make any associations
21
Q
deep processing
A
- encoding the meaning of words
ex: semantic (meaning)
22
Q
hippocampus
A
- neural center
- inside the limbic system
- save button for memories
23
Q
flashbulb memory
A
- clear memory of significant emotional event
ex: COVID-19
24
Q
long-term potentiation
A
- increased neural firing
- neural basis for learning and memory
ex: quicker firing = better memory
25
Q
recall
A
- retrieve info learned earlier
ex: FRQ
26
Q
recognition
A
- identifying terms previously learned
ex: MCQ
27
Q
relearning
A
- learning something quicker bc it’s already been learned
28
Q
priming
A
- unconscious activation of associations in memory
ex: smelling cookies and associating with a fond memory
29
Q
mood-congruent theory
A
- tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood
ex: parents bringing up all the bad things you’ve done when you got in trouble
30
Q
serial-positioning effect
A
- tendency to recall the first or last terms best
- rehearse
ex: remembering first names and the last ones
31
Q
anterograde amnesia
A
-inability to form new memories
- no future
AFTER
32
Q
retrograde amnesia
A
- inability to remember the past
- can’t remember family or friends
RETRO
33
Q
proactive interference
A
- old affects new memories
ex: cant remember a new password bc u keep thinking of the old one
34
Q
retroactive interference
A
- new affects old memories
ex: forgetting the names of previous teachers you’ve had
35
Q
repression
A
- defense mechanism to suppress painful memories
ex: forgetting trauma
36
Q
misinformation effect
A
- incorporating misleading info into one’s memory
ex: wording effect
37
Q
source amnesia
A
- attributing the wrong source when recalling
ex: two people recalling different stories
38
Q
deja vu
A
- eerie sense that you’ve experienced something before
ex: olivia rodrigo
