Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHYSL 212 > Unit 7 - Blood > Flashcards

Unit 7 - Blood Flashcards

1
Q

how much of the human body weight (in kg) is blood?

A

~7-8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

blood cells sediment in a test tube due to:

A

gravity or a centrifuge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

blood is a:

A

liquid connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the four main functions of blood?

A
  • transport: O2, CO2, nutrients, waste, ions, hormones, and heat
  • regulation: ion and pH balance
  • defense: immune protection
  • hemostasis: prevention of blood loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

percent of total blood volume occupied by packed red blood cells

A

hematocrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how is the hematocrit calculated?

A

(x/y) x100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

takes up about 55% of the blood volume in humans

A

plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

made up of white blood cells and platlets, consists of <1% of the blood volume in humans

A

buffy coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

takes up about 45% of the blood volume in humans

A

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a condition characterized by a significantly low red blood cell count (~20-25%)

A

anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a condition characrerized by a significantly high red blood cell count (~55%)

A

polycythemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the extracellular fluid is made up of:

A

plasma and interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

non-cellular portion of the blood

A

plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fluid found outside of cells and blood vessels

A

interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

act as solutes and creates osmotic pressure by pulling water into the blood vessel

A

plasma protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is composistion of plasma?

A
  • > 90% water
  • electrolytes, organic molecules, trace elements and gases
  • substances being transported (ex: CO2)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the five major functions of plasma proteins?

A

1) distribution of body water
2) buffering
3) transport
4) defence
5) hemostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

part of the plasma with the clotting factors removed

A

serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the normal red blood cell count in females?

A

4.2-5.4x10^6 cells per microliter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the normal red blood cell count for males?

A

4.7-6.1x10^6 cells per microliter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

don’t stain with either eosin or hematoxylin, thus the granules can’t be seen under a microscope

A

neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

attracted to the eosin stain, acidic

A

eosinophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

type of granulocyte that forms phagocytes

A

neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

type of granolycyte that functions in defense against parasites

A

eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the three main types of white blood cells?

A

granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

type of granulocyte that functions in inflammation

A

basophil

27
Q

what are the three types of granulocytes?

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

28
Q

type of white blood cell that forms phagocytes and functions in immune defenses

A

monocytes

29
Q

type of lymphocyte that is responsible for antibody production and functions in humoral immunity

A

B-cells

30
Q

type of lymphocyte that functions in cellular immunity

A

T-cells

31
Q

process of formation of blood cells

A

hematopoiesis

32
Q

before birth, where does hematopoiesis take place?

A

yolk sac, liver (fetal), spleen (fetal)

33
Q

after birth, where does hematopoiesis take place?

A

bone marrow

34
Q

cells in the bone marrow that have the potential to divide into different types of blood cells based on the body’s needs

A

multipotent hematopoietic stem cells

35
Q

multipotent stem cells can divide into these two classes

A

lymphoid stem cells and mylenoid stem cells

36
Q

lymphoid stem cells form:

A

lymphocytes

37
Q

mylenoid stem cells form:

A

anything that isn’t a lymphocyte

38
Q

T-cells begin development in the bone marrow but finish in the:

A

thymus gland

39
Q

these immune cells are the only ones that can be reabsorbed into the blood after being released to the body tissues

A

B-cells and T-cells

40
Q

how is hematopoiesis regulated?

A

cytokines

41
Q

small proteins that are hormone-like in their mechanism of action and act as growth factors

A

cytokines

42
Q

another word for cytokines

A

hematopoietins

43
Q

what is the approximate lifespan of red blood cells?

A

120 days

44
Q

what is the function of red blood cells?

A

O2 transport

45
Q

what are the advantages for the biconcave shape of red blood cells?

A
  • gives high SA:V ratio which allows easy diffusion of gases
  • helps w/ tortion (bending/ twisting)
46
Q

true or false: red blood cells lose their nucleus and other organelles right before entering the blood stream

A

true

47
Q

what are the key components of hemoglobin?

A
  • globin (4)
  • heme (4)
  • ferrous iron (4)
48
Q

responsible for ~98-99% of total oxygen transport

A

hemoglobin

49
Q

how does hemoglobin bind to oxygen?

A

each ferrous iron loosely binds to one molecule of oxygen by oxygenation

50
Q

why is carbon monoxide so fatal?

A

it has 200x more binding affinity with hemoglobin

51
Q

which cytokines are essential for red blood cell production?

A

erythropoietins

52
Q

which dietary factors are essential for red blood cell production?

A

iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12

53
Q

true or false: the stomach does not release an intrinsic protein factor that is essential for red blood cell production

A

false

54
Q

small amounts are released daily to maintain a constant blood volume

A

erythropoietin

55
Q

secretes erhythropoietins

A

kidneys

56
Q

has sensors for O2 levels in the blod

A

kidneys

57
Q

where is the body iron stored?

A

50%: Hb
25%: other iron containing proteins
25%: bound with ferritin

58
Q

vitamin B12 is needed to make:

A

folic acid

59
Q

a lack of vitamin B12 causes:

A

pernicious anemia

60
Q

what is anemia?

A

decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to a deficiency of rbcs and/ or hemoglobin contained in the rbcs

61
Q

increased destruction of the rbcs in the body

A

hemolytic anemia

62
Q

increased blood loss leading to loss of rbcs

A

hemorrhagic anemia

63
Q
A

PHYSL 212 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions