unit 7

Question 1

what is the best way to look at the relationship between sympathetic and parasympathetic system

Answer 1

the two working in concert to maintain homeostasis and optimal function

Question 2

where are cell bodies located in the visceral afferent systme

Answer 2

posterior root ganglia or relevant cranial nerve ganglion

Question 3

how do visceral afferent central processes enter the cord

Answer 3

via posterior rootlets or specific cranial nerves

Question 4

visceral afferent peripheral processes carry impulses from the viscera to cell bodies via what

Answer 4

autonomic ganglia, plexus or even somatic nerves without synapse

Question 5

what path may sympathetic afferent take to get from the viscera to the cell bodies

Answer 5

may travel through the sympathetic trunk and to spinal ganglia by passing through the white ramus communicans

Question 6

what path may parasympathetic afferent take to get from the viscera to the cell bodies

Answer 6

travel in sacral spinal and cranial nerves

Question 7

what receptors are visceral afferents associated with

Answer 7

they are sensitive to pressure, chemical concentrations and muscle stretching

Question 8

pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers are carried in what cranial nerves

Answer 8

III, VII, IV, X, (oculomotor, facial, Glossopharyngeal, and vagas)

Question 9

where do parasympathetic pre ganglionic fibers typically synapse

Answer 9

on post ganglionic neurons in peripheral ganglia

Question 10

post-ganglionic parasympathetic extend to effector organs to

Answer 10

• decrease cardiac output
• constrict the bronchial tree
• constrict the pupils
• stimulate peristalsis

Question 11

in general what will parasympathetics from CN III, VII, and IX supply

Answer 11

the structures in the head

Question 12

in general what will parasympathetic from CN X supply

Answer 12

cardiac, respiratory and digestive structures in the next, thorax and abdomen

Question 13

in general what will parasympathetic from S2,3, and 4 supply

Answer 13

the distal parts of the digestive system and urogenital systems

Question 14

where are preganglionic parasympathetic cell does from the oculomotor nerve located

Answer 14

the accessory oculomotor nucleus (Edinger-Westphal)

Question 15

where is the the accessory oculomotor nucleus (Edinger-Westphal) nucleus located

Answer 15

in the periaqueductal gray of the midbrain

Question 16

what nerve are post-ganglionic parasympathetic axons carried in to enter the eyeball

Answer 16

the short ciliary nerves

Question 17

what muscles doe the short ciliary nerves supply

Answer 17

the Ciliary muscle and the sphinter pupillae

Question 18

what is the function of the ciliary muscle

Answer 18

contraction makes crystaline lens more convex to focus on closer objects

Question 19

what is the function of the sphincter pupillae muscle

Answer 19

contraction decreases the size of the pupil

Question 20

where are preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of the facial nerve located

Answer 20

in the superior part of the salivary nucleus

Question 21

what branches of the facial nerve carry parasympathetic information

Answer 21

the Greater Petrosal nerve and the Chorda Tympani

Question 22

the Greater petrosal nerve leaves the facial nerve at the ___________ and carries ________ parasympathetic fibers anteriorward through the _______________.

Answer 22

Geniculate ganglion, preganglionic , hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve

Question 23

while carrying preganglionic parasympathetic fibers the greater petrosal nerve re-enters the _______ of the temporal bone through the ________, it travels in the __________ and ultimately joins the _________ ganglion

Answer 23

petrous part, foramen lacerum, pterygoid canal, pterygopalatine

Question 24

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal nerve are distributed in what nerves

Answer 24

the lacrimal and pterygopalatine nerves

Question 25

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal nerve reach what glands

Answer 25

lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands

Question 26

the Chorda tympani carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers through the ______(1) and leaves the temporal bone through the _______(2). from there is combines with the _____(3) nerve, a branch of the ______(4) division of the trigeminal nerve. the preganglionic fibers leave the ____(5) nerve to reach the _______ (6)ganglion

Answer 26

(1)tympanic cavity, (2)pterygotympanic fissure, (3)lingual nerve,(4) mandibular, ((5)lingual, (6)submandibular

Question 27

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the chorda tympani travel to what glands found in the mucous membranes of the oral cavity

Answer 27

Submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 28

what gland of the anterior tongue receives parasympathetic information from the submandibular gland

Answer 28

the lingual glands

Question 29

where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of the glossopharyngeal nerve located

Answer 29

the inferior part of the salivary nucleus

Question 30

parasympathetic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve are carried in what nerve that comes off at the inferior ganglion

Answer 30

the tympanic nerve

Question 31

the fibers carried in the tympanic nerve are carried through the __________ into the _________

Answer 31

tympanic caniliculs, tympanic cavity

Question 32

while in the tympanic cavity the tympanic nerve will receive postganglionic sympathetic fibers from what ganglion? what will this form

Answer 32

the superior cervical ganglion forming the tympanic plexus

Question 33

the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the tympanic nerve will pass through the _____ plexus and reform the __________ nerve, which travels through the ________ to the _____ ganglion

Answer 33

tympanic, lesser petrosal, lesser petrosal canal, otic ganglion

Question 34

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion are carried to what glands

Answer 34

the parotid and posterior lingual glands

Question 35

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion reach the parotid gland via what nerve

Answer 35

the auricolutemporal nerve, a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 36

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion reach the posterior lingual gland gland via what nerve

Answer 36

lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 37

are there potentially special sensory (taste) fibers in the lingual branch

Answer 37

yes some consider them as special visceral afferents

Question 38

the glossopharyngeal nerve also carries visceral afferents in the branch of the carotid sinus from _____ of the carotid sinus and _____ in the carotid body

Answer 38

baroreceptors, chemoreceptors