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PNS Final > sympathetic > Flashcards

sympathetic Flashcards

1
Q

what does the cervical sympathetic trunk and ganglia lie

A

between the carotid sheath and the longus colli and capitis muscles.

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2
Q

how many cervical ganglion are there

A

3

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3
Q

what are the names of the cervical ganglia

A

the superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia.

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4
Q

what is the inferior cervical ganglion called if it fuses with the first thoracic ganglion

A

stellate ganglion

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5
Q

what is the largest of the cervical sympathetic ganglia

A

the superior

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6
Q

what is the superior cervical ganglion formed by

A

the union of upper four cervical ganglia

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7
Q

where is the superior cervical ganglion located

A

level of C2-C3

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8
Q

what does the superior cervical ganglion post ganglionic fibers communicate with

A

anterior, medial or lateral branches.

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9
Q

Postganglionic fibers of the superior cervical ganglion that communicate with lateral branches do what

A

They communicate with the anterior primary rami of C1 – C4 as well as some cranial nerves (IX, X, XII, notably)

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10
Q

Postganglionic fibers of the superior cervical ganglion that communicate Medial branches do what

A

travel to larynx, pharynx and heart. Branches to the heart are the superior cardiac nerves. They carry efferent information only

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11
Q

Postganglionic fibers of the superior cervical ganglion that communicate Anterior branches do what

A

follow the common and external carotid arteries, innervating vessels that supply blood to structures inside and outside the skull

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12
Q

what is the smallest of the cervical ganglion

A

middle cervical ganglion

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13
Q

what is the middle cervical ganglion located

A

C6

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14
Q

what does the middle cervical ganglion communicate with

A

Communicates with anterior primary rami of C5 and C6 nerves

via gray rami communicans

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15
Q

what are the 2 branches that come off the middle cervical ganglion

A

Thyroid branches

Cardiac branches

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16
Q

what do the Thyroid branches do

A

reach the thyroid and parathyroid glands

Primarily vasomotor

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17
Q

what do the Cardiac branches do

A

make up the middle cardiac nerves

Contribute to the deep part of the cardiac plexus

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18
Q

where does the inferior cervical ganglion located

A

C7

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19
Q

what does the inferior cervical ganglion communicate with

A

with anterior primary rami of C7 and C8

also T1 if fused to form stellate

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20
Q

what branches come from the inferior cervical ganglion

A

Cardiac branches

also to the subclavian artery

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21
Q

what do the cervical branches from inferior cervical ganglion do

A

to heart as inferior cardiac nerves

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22
Q

what do the branches to the sublavian from the inferior cervical ganglion do

A

form plexuses around it and its branches, principally the axillary artery and vertebral artery.

23
Q

how many Thoracic sympathetic trunk and ganglia are there

A

11 sometime 12

24
Q

where are the superior thorax ganglia located

A

anterior to the rib heads

25
Q

the lower part of the thorax ganglia are located where

A

lateral aspects of the vertebral bodies.

26
Q

what do the branches from the upper 5 thoracic ganglia do

A

travel medially and supply structures in the thoracic cavity.

27
Q

what do the branches from the upper 5 thoracic ganglia carry

A

postganglionic fibers and visceral afferents

28
Q

what are associated with the lower 7 segments of the thoracic sympathetic trunk

A

3 splanchnic nerves

29
Q

what are the names for the 3 splanchnic nerves

A

The greater splanchnic nerve
The lesser splanchnic nerve
The least splanchnic nerve

30
Q

what do the splanchin nerves carry

A

Carry preganglionic fibers to plexuses in the abdominal and pelvic cavities. They also carry visceral afferent information

31
Q

what forms the greater splanchin nerve

A

T5 - T9

32
Q

where does the greater splanchin nerve terminate

A

in the celiac ganglion

33
Q

what forms the lesser splanchnic nerve

A

fibers from the ninth and tenth or tenth and eleventh ganglia

34
Q

where does the lesser splanchin nerve terminate

A

It ends in the aorticorenal ganglion.

35
Q

what forms the least splanchnic nerve

A

from the twelfth ganglion

36
Q

where does the least splanchin nerve terminate

A

terminates in the renal plexus

37
Q

where is the Lumbar sympathetic trunk and ganglia located

A

The sympathetic trunks lie in the retroperitoneal space, on the lateral aspects of the lumbar vertebral bodies

38
Q

how many Lumbar sympathetic ganglion are there

A

4

39
Q

what lumbar nerves have white ramus communicans

A

L1, L2 and sometimes L3

40
Q

what do 2 of the 4 lumbar splachnic nerver carry preganglionic axons to

A

plexus surrounding the abdominal aorta

41
Q

where does the Sacral sympathetic trunk and ganglia lie

A

the anterior aspect of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina.

42
Q

how many sacral sympathetic ganglion are there

A

4 or 5

43
Q

what do the two sides of the sympathetic trunks form when they meet in the middle of the anterior surface of the coccyx

A

the ganglion impar

44
Q

Axons that carry information that will be relayed to the head and neck are carried in what nerves

A

T1 and T2

45
Q

Axons that influence the heart arise from what nerves

A

T1-T4

46
Q

Axons carrying information that influences the lungs leave the cord at what level

A

T2-T4

47
Q

Preganglionic fibers carrying information for the upper extremities are carried in what nerves

A

T3-T7

48
Q

Fibers that influence the abdominal viscera arise from what nerves

A

T5-T12

49
Q

that influence the pelvic viscera arise from what nerves

A

T10-T12

50
Q

Preganglionic fibers carrying information for the lower extremities are carried in what nerve

A

T10-T12

51
Q

what are the 3 ways that fibers are carried from the sypathetic trunk

A

(1) Nerves
(2) Blood vessels
(3) Direct branches

52
Q

postganglionic sympathetic fiber carry what type of info in most nerves

A

(1) Vasoconstrictor
(2) Sudomotor
(3) Motor to the arrector pili

53
Q

Direct branches to the viscera sympathetic likely do what

A

(1) Constrict blood vessels
(2) Dilate the bronchial tree
(3) Stimulate glandular secretion
(4) Dilate the pupils
(5) Inhibit digestive activity

54
Q

Superior cervical ganglion sends branches to what nerves

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (inferior ganglion)
Vagus nerve
Hypoglossal nerve

PNS Final (4 decks)

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