sympathetic Flashcards
what does the cervical sympathetic trunk and ganglia lie
between the carotid sheath and the longus colli and capitis muscles.
how many cervical ganglion are there
3
what are the names of the cervical ganglia
the superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia.
what is the inferior cervical ganglion called if it fuses with the first thoracic ganglion
stellate ganglion
what is the largest of the cervical sympathetic ganglia
the superior
what is the superior cervical ganglion formed by
the union of upper four cervical ganglia
where is the superior cervical ganglion located
level of C2-C3
what does the superior cervical ganglion post ganglionic fibers communicate with
anterior, medial or lateral branches.
Postganglionic fibers of the superior cervical ganglion that communicate with lateral branches do what
They communicate with the anterior primary rami of C1 – C4 as well as some cranial nerves (IX, X, XII, notably)
Postganglionic fibers of the superior cervical ganglion that communicate Medial branches do what
travel to larynx, pharynx and heart. Branches to the heart are the superior cardiac nerves. They carry efferent information only
Postganglionic fibers of the superior cervical ganglion that communicate Anterior branches do what
follow the common and external carotid arteries, innervating vessels that supply blood to structures inside and outside the skull
what is the smallest of the cervical ganglion
middle cervical ganglion
what is the middle cervical ganglion located
C6
what does the middle cervical ganglion communicate with
Communicates with anterior primary rami of C5 and C6 nerves
via gray rami communicans
what are the 2 branches that come off the middle cervical ganglion
Thyroid branches
Cardiac branches
what do the Thyroid branches do
reach the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Primarily vasomotor
what do the Cardiac branches do
make up the middle cardiac nerves
Contribute to the deep part of the cardiac plexus
where does the inferior cervical ganglion located
C7
what does the inferior cervical ganglion communicate with
with anterior primary rami of C7 and C8
also T1 if fused to form stellate
what branches come from the inferior cervical ganglion
Cardiac branches
also to the subclavian artery
what do the cervical branches from inferior cervical ganglion do
to heart as inferior cardiac nerves
what do the branches to the sublavian from the inferior cervical ganglion do
form plexuses around it and its branches, principally the axillary artery and vertebral artery.
how many Thoracic sympathetic trunk and ganglia are there
11 sometime 12
where are the superior thorax ganglia located
anterior to the rib heads
the lower part of the thorax ganglia are located where
lateral aspects of the vertebral bodies.
what do the branches from the upper 5 thoracic ganglia do
travel medially and supply structures in the thoracic cavity.
what do the branches from the upper 5 thoracic ganglia carry
postganglionic fibers and visceral afferents
what are associated with the lower 7 segments of the thoracic sympathetic trunk
3 splanchnic nerves
what are the names for the 3 splanchnic nerves
The greater splanchnic nerve
The lesser splanchnic nerve
The least splanchnic nerve
what do the splanchin nerves carry
Carry preganglionic fibers to plexuses in the abdominal and pelvic cavities. They also carry visceral afferent information
what forms the greater splanchin nerve
T5 - T9
where does the greater splanchin nerve terminate
in the celiac ganglion
what forms the lesser splanchnic nerve
fibers from the ninth and tenth or tenth and eleventh ganglia
where does the lesser splanchin nerve terminate
It ends in the aorticorenal ganglion.
what forms the least splanchnic nerve
from the twelfth ganglion
where does the least splanchin nerve terminate
terminates in the renal plexus
where is the Lumbar sympathetic trunk and ganglia located
The sympathetic trunks lie in the retroperitoneal space, on the lateral aspects of the lumbar vertebral bodies
how many Lumbar sympathetic ganglion are there
4
what lumbar nerves have white ramus communicans
L1, L2 and sometimes L3
what do 2 of the 4 lumbar splachnic nerver carry preganglionic axons to
plexus surrounding the abdominal aorta
where does the Sacral sympathetic trunk and ganglia lie
the anterior aspect of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina.
how many sacral sympathetic ganglion are there
4 or 5
what do the two sides of the sympathetic trunks form when they meet in the middle of the anterior surface of the coccyx
the ganglion impar
Axons that carry information that will be relayed to the head and neck are carried in what nerves
T1 and T2
Axons that influence the heart arise from what nerves
T1-T4
Axons carrying information that influences the lungs leave the cord at what level
T2-T4
Preganglionic fibers carrying information for the upper extremities are carried in what nerves
T3-T7
Fibers that influence the abdominal viscera arise from what nerves
T5-T12
that influence the pelvic viscera arise from what nerves
T10-T12
Preganglionic fibers carrying information for the lower extremities are carried in what nerve
T10-T12
what are the 3 ways that fibers are carried from the sypathetic trunk
(1) Nerves
(2) Blood vessels
(3) Direct branches
postganglionic sympathetic fiber carry what type of info in most nerves
(1) Vasoconstrictor
(2) Sudomotor
(3) Motor to the arrector pili
Direct branches to the viscera sympathetic likely do what
(1) Constrict blood vessels
(2) Dilate the bronchial tree
(3) Stimulate glandular secretion
(4) Dilate the pupils
(5) Inhibit digestive activity
Superior cervical ganglion sends branches to what nerves
Glossopharyngeal nerve (inferior ganglion)
Vagus nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
