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PNS Final > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

0
Q

when the placode invaginates it gives rise to the ______ then to the ______

A

auditory pit, auditory vesicle

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1
Q

an ectodermal thckening on the lateral “head” is called a ______

A

placode

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2
Q

what gives rise to most of the membranous inner ear

A

the auditory vesicle

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3
Q

what is derived from the first pharyngeal pouch

A

the auditory tube and tympanic cavity

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4
Q

what is derived from the dorsal end of the ventral mandibular cartilage

A

malleus

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5
Q

what is developed from the dorsal end of the first pharyngeal arch

A

the incus

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6
Q

what is derived from the dorsal end of the second pharyngeal arch

A

the stapes

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7
Q

what develops from the interstitial mesoderm

A

the tympanic membrane

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8
Q

what develops from the first pharyngeal groove

A

the external acoustic canal

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9
Q

what develops from the groove next to the first pharyngeal groove

A

the auricle

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10
Q

what is included in the external ear

A

the auricle and external acoustic meatus

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11
Q

what is a horn-like structure that serves to funnel sound waves to the external acoustic meatus

A

the auricle

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12
Q

what muscle inserts on the front of the helix

A

the ant. auricular muscle

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13
Q

what is the smallest extrinsic muscle of the auricle

A

the ant. auricular muscle

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14
Q

what inserts on the superior side of the auricle

A

the superior auricular muscle

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15
Q

what inserts on the lower, posterior aspect of the concha

A

the posterior auricular muscle

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16
Q

what is the largest extrinsic muscle of the auricle

A

the superior auricular muscle

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17
Q

what are the intrinsic muscle of the auricle

A 
Helicis major
Helicis minor
tragicus
antitragicus
transcers muscle of the auricle
oblique muscle of the auricle
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18
Q

what is a one inch “S” shaped structure covered by skin the entire length terminating at the tympanic membrane

A

external acoustic meatus

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19
Q

modified sweat glands of the external acoustic meatus produce what

A

Cerumen

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20
Q

to make otoscopic examination possible how must you pull the lobule

A

gently pull out, down and forward

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21
Q

what is the blood supply to the external ear

A

posterior auricular branch of the external carotid artery
anterior auricular branch of the superficial temporal artery
auricular branch from the occipital artery

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22
Q

sensory supply to the external ear is from what

A

auriculotemporal nerve (CN V1)
auricular branch of vagus
great auricular nerve (C2,C3)

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23
Q

motor supply to the external ear is from

A

the temporal and posterior auricular branches of the facial nerve

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24
Q

sympathetic supply to the external ear is from what

A

superior cervical ganglion

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25
Q

what is a ssmall space between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear

A

the middle ear

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26
Q

what are the two parts of the middle ear

A

tympanic membrane and epitympanic recess

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27
Q

what three bones are found in the middle ear

A

incus, malleus, and stapes

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28
Q

what two muscles are located in the tympanic cavity

A

stapedius and tensor tympani

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29
Q

the roof or tegmental wall of the middle ear is formed by

A

the petrous part of the temporal bone

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30
Q

the floor or jugular wall of the middle ear is formed by

A

a thin layer of bone separating the cavity from the internal jugular vein

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31
Q

a small opening in the floor of the middle ear allows what to pass through

A

tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

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32
Q

the lateral or membranous wall of the middle ear is formed by

A

the tympanic membrane

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33
Q

the posterior or mastoid wall of the middle ear is incomplete. it has what opening between the tympanic cavity and the mastoid air cells

A

the aditus of the mastoid antrum

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34
Q

the pyramidal eminence is an opening in the posterior or mastoid wall of the middle ear. what passes through it

A

tendon of the stapedius muscle

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35
Q

aside from the pyramidal eminence what is the other opening is located in the posterior or mastoid wall of the middle ear for

A

the chorda tympani

36
Q

what does the carotid wall separate the middle ear from

A

the internal carotid artery

37
Q

what wall of the middle ear has a large opening in it for the pharyngotympanic tube

A

the carotid wall

38
Q

what wall of the middle ear has an opening for the tensor tympani to pass through

A

the carotid wall

39
Q

what wall of the middle ear allows the chorda tympani to exit the middle ear

A

the carotid wall

40
Q

what is the boundary between the middle ear and the inner ear

A

the labyrinthine or medial wall

41
Q

what is an impression made by the cochlea on the labyrinthine or medial wall of the middle ear referred to

A

the promontory

42
Q

where does the stapes attach to the oval window

A

the labyrinthine or medial wall of the middle ear

43
Q

the round window is found in what wall of the middle ear

A

the labyrinthine or medial wall

44
Q

what is the largest of the three bones of the middle ear

A

the malleus

45
Q

which of the three bones of the middle ear is in contact with the tympanic membrane

A

the malleus

46
Q

which of the three small bones in the middle ear is in the middle and transmits vibration from one bone to another

47
Q

the incus transmits vibrations what _____ to _____

A

the malleus to the stapes

48
Q

which of the three small bones of the middle ear has its base against the oval window

A

the stapes

49
Q

what is the blood supply to the middle ear

A

anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary artery and
tympanic branch of the internal carotid artery

50
Q

sensory supply to the middle ear is from

A

the tympanic nerve of CN IX

51
Q

motor supply to the middle ear is from

A

the nerve to stapedius (CN VII)

medial pterygoid nerve ( CN V3)

52
Q

what does the medial pterygoid nerve (CN V3) supply

A

the tensor tympani muscle

53
Q

how is sympathetic supply achieved to the middle ear

A

caroticotympanic nerves carry vasomotor and secretomotor fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

54
Q

what are the two parts of the inner ear

A

the bony and membranous parts

55
Q

what is a snail shell shaped structure in the bony labyrinth? what duct is located here

A

the cochlea, the cochlear duct

56
Q

what contains the utricle and saccule

A

the vestubule

57
Q

what are the three parts of the bony labyrinth

A

the cochlea, vestibule, and 3 semicircular canals

58
Q

the membranous labyrinth is inside the ______, bathed in ______

A

bony labyrinth, perilymph

59
Q

what is the endolymph within the membranous labyrinth

A

the cochlear labyrinth and the vestibular labyrinth

60
Q

what is the central bony structure the cochlea wraps around?

61
Q

how many times does the cochlea wrap around the modiolus

A

2.5-2.75 times

62
Q

what is the apex of the cochlea referred to as? which direction is it directed

A

the cochlear cupula, directed anterolaterally

63
Q

what connects the cochlia to the modiolus

A

a bony ridge (the lamina of the modiolus)

64
Q

what three channels make up the cochlea

A

the cochlear duct, the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani

65
Q

where does the cochlear duct end

A

at the apex of the cochlea

66
Q

where doe the scala vestibuli and scala tympani communicate with each other

A

through a channel called the helicotrema at the apex of the cochlea

67
Q

what is the scala vestibuli filled with

68
Q

what forms the base of the scala vestibuli

A

the oval window

69
Q

where are vibrations from the stapies transmitted

A

into the perilymph of the scala vestibuli

70
Q

where is the scala tympani located in reference to the cochlear duct

71
Q

vibrations that are transmitted through the scla vestibuli pass to the _____ via the helicotrema

A

Scala tympani

72
Q

what is the base of the scala tympani

A

the round window

73
Q

the cochlear duct is located between what two sturctures

A

the scal vestibuli is above and the scale tympani is below

74
Q

what is the cochlear duct filled with

75
Q

what anchors the cochlear duct to the outer wall of the cochlea

A

the spiral ligmament

76
Q

what separates the scale vestibuli from the cochlear duct

A

the vestibular membrane

77
Q

what separates the scala tympani from the cochlear duct

A

the basilar or spiral membrane

78
Q

where is the spiral organ located

A

on the floor of the cochlear duct attached to the basilar/spiral membrane

79
Q

what is sensitive to frequency and amplitude of sound waves that enter the cochlea

A

numerous hair like projections of the spiral organ

80
Q

what are the hair like projections of the spiral organ covered by

A

the tectorial membrane

81
Q

how will information be conveyed from the hair like projections of the spiral organ

A

from receptor cells to primary sensory neurons

82
Q

the oval window being smaller than the tympanic membrane does what to the vibrations

A

amplifies them 17x

83
Q

LOOK AT THE TRANSMISSION OF SOUND DIAGRAM

84
Q

what supplies blood to the labyrinth

A 
internal auditor artery (B. of basilar A.)
stylomastoid artery (B. from post. auricular A.)
85
Q

what gives sympathetic supply to the labyrinth

A

from cavernous and or internal carotid plexuses

86
Q

what is the nerve supply to the labyrinth

A

cochlear N.

vestibular N.

87
Q

where is information from the vestibular N. processed

A

the cerebellum

88
Q

what is the end target for information relayed in the cochlear nerve

A

brodmann areas 41 and 42 of the temporal lobe

PNS Final (4 decks)

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