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PNS Final > eye > Flashcards

eye Flashcards

0
Q

what are fibrous coat derived from

A

mesodermally derived

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1
Q

what are the fibrous coats of the eyeball

A

Sclera and choroid

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2
Q

what are derivatives of ectoderm

A

Lens
Retina
Cornea
Pigmented layers

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3
Q

what are the three coats or tunics the eyeball is composed of

A

Fibrous tunic
vascular tunic
nervous tunic (retina)

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4
Q

what is the white part of the eye

A

Sclera

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5
Q

what part of the eye is thick, dense, firm, and opaque and maintains the shape of the eyeball if pressure inside the eyes increases

A

Sclera

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6
Q

many tiny openings in the sclera allow what to pass through

A

blood vessels

Neurons (nerve fasicles)

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7
Q

where do extraocular muscles attach

A

to the sclera

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8
Q

what part of the sclera is lined with conjunctiva and transitions to the cornea

A

Anteriorly

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9
Q

at what point does the Sclera transition to the Cornea

A

at the limbus

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10
Q

the posterior part of the sclera is continuous with what fibrous sheath

A

the fibrous sheath that covers CN II

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11
Q

what is the primary refractory part of the eyeball

A

the Cornea

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12
Q

what are the five layers of the Cornea

A 
Corneal epithelium
anterior limiting lamina
substantia propria
posterior limiting lamina
endothelium
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13
Q

describe the color of the cornea

A

clear and transparent

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14
Q

what layer of the cornea is continuous with the conjunctiva

A

Corneal epithelium

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15
Q

what is the thickest, largest part of the cornea

A

Substantia propria

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16
Q

what layer of the cornea covers the inside surgace of the cornea and lines the iridocorneal layer

A

endothelium

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17
Q

what are the different vascular tunics

A

Chorioid
Ciliary body
Iris

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18
Q

which layer of the vascular tunic is thin with a rich blood supply and has a lot of sympathetic influence

A

Choroid

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19
Q

the blood vessels of the choroid are heavily supplied by what fibers

A

Autonomic and vasomotor

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20
Q

at what point is the choroid firmly attatched to the Sclera

A

where the optic nerve penetrates it

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21
Q

what holds the loosely attached Choroid to the Sclera

A

eyeball pressure

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22
Q

why is the choroid darkly pigmented

A

limit passage of light both through the sclera to the retina and through the retina to the sclera

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23
Q

what is the ciliary body continuous with

A

the Choroid to the post. and the Iris to the Ant.

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24
Q

what suspends/anchors the lens

A

the ciliary body

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25
Q

what does the ciliary body produce

A

Aqueous fluid found in the anterior segment of the eye

maybe some GAGs of the vitreous body

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26
Q

what is the dividing point of the eye for the ant. segment and post. segment

A

the lens

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27
Q

what is the function of ciliary muscles

A

contraction of the ciliary muscles allows the lens to become more convex

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28
Q

a more convex lens helps what type of vision

A

near/closer vision

29
Q

what is the colored part of the eye

A

Iris

30
Q

what is the range of color of the iris

A

light blue to dark brown

31
Q

what divides the anterior segment into and ant. and post. chamber

A

the iris

32
Q

what is the ant. chamber between

A

the cornea and iris

33
Q

what is post. chamber between

A

the iris and lens

34
Q

what two muscles control the size of the pupil

A

sphincter pupillae

dilator pupillae

35
Q

where are the sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae located

A

the iris

36
Q

what is and outgrowth of diencephalon and considered to be a specialized portion of the brain

A

the nervous tunic/retina

37
Q

the Retina is in contact with the _______ externally and the _________ internally

A

Choroid, vitreous body

38
Q

what layer of the retina is the problem when there is a detached retina

A

the pigmented layer also called the cementing layer

39
Q

what cells are associated with the vision pathway

A

photoreceptors –> bipolar cells –>multipolar cells –> axons form the optic radiation –> synapse in Broadman area 17

40
Q

what can be seen with a funduscopic exam

A

the optic disc
macula lutea
fovea centralis

41
Q

what is the point at which the optic nerve attaches to the eyeball

A

the optic disc

42
Q

what part of the eye has no photoreceptors

A

the optic disc

43
Q

what is the middle of the maculae lutea refered to as

A

the fovea centralis

44
Q

what are has the clearest vision and the only photoreceptors are cones

A

the macula lutea

45
Q

what are the refractory components of the eye

A

Cornea
Aqueous humor
lens
vitreous body

46
Q

what fluid is secreted into the posterior chamber

A

Aqueous humor

47
Q

where does aqueous humor pass through to get into the ant. chamber? and where does it leave the eyeball?

A

through the pupil

out the scleral venous sinus

48
Q

what results from increased pressure within the ant. chamber of the eyeball that can result in blindness

A

Glaucoma

49
Q

what part of the eye is transparent, biconvex, and avascular

A

the lens

50
Q

what is it called when the lens gets harder with age, resulting in more difficult near vision

A

Presbyopia

51
Q

what is it called when the lens becomes less and less transparent

A

cateracts

52
Q

what fills the posterior segment, and is Gelatinous and transparent

A

Vitreous body

53
Q

in relationship to the eye where are lacrimal glands located and what do they secrete

A

superolaterally to the eyeball, secrete tears

54
Q

what carried tears to the eye from the lacrimal glands

A

excretory ducts

55
Q

where are lacrimal ducts found and what do they do

A

they are in each eylid below and medial to the eyeball they drain tears

56
Q

where are tears drained to from the lacrimal ducts

A

lacrimal sacs

57
Q

lacrimal sacs are found in a grove between which two structures

A

the lacrimal bone and maxilla

58
Q

what is the most superior part of the nasolacrimal duct

A

the lacrimal sac

59
Q

what drains tears from the lacrimal sac into the inferior nasal meatus

A

the nasolacrimal ducts

60
Q

what is a modified sebaceous gland that secretes and oily substance that covers tear upon blinking.

A

Tarsal glands

61
Q

what is the oily coat secreted by tarsal glands function

A

reduce the evaporation of tears

62
Q

all arteries to the eyball are branches of what artery

A

the Opthalmic Artery

63
Q

each eyball has one long posterior ciliary artery on each side (medial and lateral) that runs between what structures

A

the Sclera and Choroid

64
Q

each eyeball has six to twelve of these arteries that ender the eyeball on the posterior surface forming a ring around the optic nerve

A

short ciliary arteries

65
Q

each eyeball has six to eight of these arteries that arch of or under the eyeball

A

anterior ciliary arteries

66
Q

what artery of the eyeball travels via the optic nerve to the retina then spreads out into an extensive network

A

Central retinal artery

67
Q

what is the only artery that supplies the retina

A

central retinal artery

68
Q

what are the veins of the eye

A

ant. ciliary vein
long post. ciliary vein
central retinal vein

69
Q

what are the nerves of the eyeball that branch of the nasociliary nerve (CN V1)

A

long ciliary nerves

short ciliary nerves

70
Q

what are the long ciliary nerves sensory for

A

the ciliary body, iris and cornea

71
Q

what are short ciliary nerves sensory for

A

the eyeball

PNS Final (4 decks)

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