Unit 7 Flashcards
Gravity & Inertia, [Earth, Sun, and Moon Systems], The Inner Planets, The Outer Planets, Asteroids, Comets, and Other Space Objects, The Sun, Absolute & Apparent Magnitude, H-R Diagram, Other Stars, and Galaxies & The Universe.
One spin of an object on its axis. “Day”.
Rotation
Imaginary line on which an object rotates.
Axis
One orbit of an object around its primary. “Year”.
Revolution
The path an object makes as it revolves.
Orbit
The object a satellite revolves around.
Primary
Any object that revolving planets and stars.
Satellite
A model of the universe in which Earth is at the center of the revolving planets and stars.
Geocentric Model
A model of the solar system in which Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.
Heliocentric Model
A force that moves rocks and material downhill; the force that pulls objects toward each other.
Gravity
The resistance an object has to change in its movement.
Inertia
The average distance between the sun and earth. 1.496x10^8km or 1AU.
Astronomical Unit
Study of space, including stars, planets, and other objects in space, and their origins.
Astronomy
Occurs when the moon passes between Earth and the sun, blocking the sun’s light from Earth.
Solar Eclipse
Occurs when the moon passes through Earth’s shadow.
Lunar Eclipse
One of two days in the year when the hours of daylight equal the hours of darkness over Earth as a whole.
Equinox
Region of total shadow.
Umbra
Region of partial shadow.
Penumbra
One of two days in the year when hours of daylight and hours of darkness are at their greatest and least.
Solstice
Tides that are least extreme; happen twice a month at first and last quarter moon phases.
Neap Tide
Tides that are most extreme; occur twice a month at full and new moon phases.
Spring Tide
The middle layer of the sun’s atmosphere.
Chromosphere
The outer layer of the sun’s atmosphere.
Corona
Distance light travels in a vacuum in one year, equal to 9.46x10^12 kilometers.
Lightyear
The splitting of an atom’s nucleus into two smaller nuclei and neutrons.
Nuclear Fission
The combining of two atomic nuclei to produce a single larger nucleus and much energy; the process core to form helium.
Nuclear Fusion
The inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere that gives off its visible light; the sun’s surface.
Photosphere
A huge, reddish loop of gas that protrudes from the sun’s surface, linking parts of sunspot regions.
Prominence
An eruption of gas from the sun’s surface that occurs when the loops in sun spot regions suddenly connect.
Solar Flare
A stream of electrically charged particles that emits from the sun’s corona .
Solar Wind
A dark area of gas on the sun’s surface that is cooler than surrounding gases.
Sunspot
Rocky objects revolving around the sun that are too small and numerous to be considered planets.
Asteroid
A loose collection of ice, dust and small rocky particles, typically with a long narrow orbit of the sun.
Comet
A streak o flight in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth’s atmosphere.
Meteor
A meteoroid that passes through the atmosphere and hits Earth’s surface.
Meteorite
A chunk o frock or dust in space.
Meteoroid
The brightness of a star if it were at a standard distance form Earth.
Absolute Brightness (Magnitude)
The brightness of a star as seen from Earth.
Apparent Brightness (Magnitude)
An imaginary pattern of stars in the sky.
Constellation
A huge group of single stars, star system, star cluster, dust, and gas bound together by gravity.
Galaxy
A graph relating the surface temperatures and absolute brightness of stars.
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
A large cloud of gas and dust in space, spread out in an immense volume.
Nebula
The apparent change in position of an object when seen from different places.
Parallax
The brilliant explosion of a dying super-giant star.
Supernova
An object whose gravity is so strong that nothing not even light, can escape.
Black Hole
