Unit 3

Question 1

Transfer of thermal energy in a fluid in which warmer fluid rises and cooler fluid sinks.

Answer 1

Convection

Convection Current

Question 2

Transfer of heat form a warmer substance to a cooler substance through direct contact.

Answer 2

Conduction

Question 3

Transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves also high energy particles and rays emitted from the nuclei of radioactive.

Answer 3

Radiation

Question 4

Outermost, rocky layer of Earth

Answer 4

Crust

Question 5

Amount of mass in a given volume, found by dividing the mass of the object by its volume.

Answer 5

Density

Question 6

Innermost part of Earth, made of solid iron and nickel.

Answer 6

Inner Core

Question 7

A layer of Earth’s surface, lying just below the curst and above the inner core.

Answer 7

Mantle

Question 8

A layer inside Earth between the mantle and inner core, which has some properties of a liquid.

Answer 8

Outer Core

Question 9

Seismic wave that squeezes and pushes rocks in the same direction that the wave travels.

Answer 9

Primary Waves

Known as a P-wave

Question 10

Seismic wave that causes rock particles to move at right angles to the direction of the wave.

Answer 10

Secondary Waves

Known as a S-wave.

Question 11

Way of measuring the severity of earthquakes based on the energy released.

Answer 11

Richter Scale

Question 12

A wave of energy passing through Earth caused by an earthquake.

Answer 12

Seismic Waves

Question 13

Instrument used to measure horizontal or vertical motion during an Earthquake.

Answer 13

Seismometer

Question 14

Hypothesis that continents were once part of a single landmass that broke apart and moved to their present positions.

Answer 14

Continental Drift (A. Wegener’s Theory)

Question 15

The hypothesis that one new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at deep trenches; occurs in a continuous cycle of magma intrusion and spreading.

Answer 15

Seafloor Spreading (H. Hess’ Theory)

Question 16

Undersea mountain range that forms where two parts of Earth’s crust and pushing apart.

Answer 16

Mid-ocean ridge

Question 17

Formed where two sections of Earth’s crust and colliding.

Answer 17

Convergent Boundary

Question 18

Forms where lithospheric pluteus are moving away from each other.

Answer 18

Divergent Boundary

Question 19

Boundary between two lithospheric plates where the plates are sliding past each other.

Answer 19

Transform-Boundary

Question 20

Valley that forms on land at a place where two plates are moving apart.

Answer 20

Rift Vally

Question 21

An are at a convergent plate boundary where an oceanic plate is being forced down into the mantle beneath another plate. These can be identified by a zone of progressively deeper earthquake.

Answer 21

Subduction Zone

Question 22

A giant dangerous ocean wave triggered by an earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption; sometimes called tidal waves.

Answer 22

Tsunami

Question 23

Energy travelling as waves passing through Earth, caused by sudden shift along a fault line or by volcanic activity.

Answer 23

Earthquake

Question 24

Point on Earth’s surface directly above the location (Focus) of an earthquake.

Answer 24

Epicenter

Question 25

A type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth’s surface.

Answer 25

Surface Waves

Question 26

Crack within Earth’s rocky crust, where rock has been fractured and where rocks move past each other.

Answer 26

Fault

Question 27

Point within the Earth where an earthquake took place.

Answer 27

Focus

Question 28

Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle.

Answer 28

Tension

Question 29

Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks.

Answer 29

Compression

Question 30

Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions in a side ways movement.

Answer 30

Shear

Question 31

A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.

Answer 31

Stress

Question 32

The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano’s magma chamber collapses.

Answer 32

Caldera

Question 33

Hill or mountain formed by material that erupts onto Earth’s surface; caused by action of magma below surface.

Answer 33

Volcano

Question 34

Molten rock material pushed up from a volcano or crack in the Earth; magma that has reached the surface.

Answer 34

Lava

Question 35

Molten rock that makes up Earth’s mantle and becomes igneous rock when it cools.

Answer 35

Magma

Question 36

The pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects.

Answer 36

Magma Chamber

Question 37

The expulsion of ash, cinders, bombs, and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption.

Answer 37

Pyroclastic Flow

Question 38

The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano.

Answer 38

Vent

Question 39

A liquid’s resistance to flowing.

Answer 39

Viscosity

Question 40

Rock, mineral, and volcanic glass fragments smaller than 2 millimeters in size that are blown from the vent of an erupting volcano. It’s produced by the shattering of rocks during an eruption and by magma being ejected as a fine spray- propelled by volcanic gas escaping from the vent.

Answer 40

Ash

Question 41

A tubelike structure that allows lava to reach the surface.

Answer 41

Conduit

Question 42

A conical hill produced by eruption of ash, cinders, as lava.

Answer 42

Cone