unit 7

Question 1

centromere

Answer 1

region of a chromosome

Question 2

chromatin

Answer 2

what chromosomes are made up of

Question 3

what are the nitrogenous bases

Answer 3

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thyamine

Question 4

phases of mitosis

Answer 4

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokenisis

Question 5

steps of cell cycle

Answer 5

G1, S, G2, M

Question 6

spindle fibers

Answer 6

a protein structure to aid in dividing DNA for cell reproduction

Question 7

DNA synthesis

Answer 7

to take a strand of DNA, translate it to mRNA, and translate that to a strand of amino acids to create a protein

Question 8

ploidy

Answer 8

the number of chromosomes in a cell (46 in humans, 56 strawberries)

Question 9

hydrogen bond

Answer 9

specific type of bond that holds DNA together

Question 10

chargaff’s rules

Answer 10

a to t, c to g

Question 11

double helix

Answer 11

describes the structure of DNA

Question 12

mRNA

Answer 12

mRNA is genetic material that tells your body how to make protein

Question 13

tRNA

Answer 13

helps to decode mRNA and transfers

Question 14

rRNA

Answer 14

ribosomal RNA, helps translate mRNA

Question 15

ribosome

Answer 15

made of RNA and DNA, site of protein synthesis

Question 16

DNA polymearse

Answer 16

enzymes that creates DNA molecules

Question 17

RNA polymearse

Answer 17

an enzyme that synthesizes RNA

Question 18

anticodon

Answer 18

sequence of nucleotide in tRNA

Question 19

DNA ligase

Answer 19

enzymes that help repair DNA

Question 20

RNA ligase

Answer 20

repairs/alters RNA

Question 21

transcription

Answer 21

how a cell makes an RNA copy of DNA

Question 22

translation

Answer 22

when the mRNA copy of the DNA is translated into a code for amino acids and create proteins

Question 23

uracil

Answer 23

the nitrogenous base that replaces thymine in mRNA

Question 24

silent mutation

Answer 24

a mutation that doesn’t change anything in the final result.

Question 25

frameshift mutation

Answer 25

caused by insertion or deletion

Question 26

nonsense mutation

Answer 26

codes for STOP sooner than needed

Question 27

meiosis

Answer 27

cell division for sexual reproduction

Question 28

biopsy

Answer 28

remove a sample of cells so that your body can be tested on (may be used to look for cancerous cells/study your cells)

Question 29

metastasis

Answer 29

secondary malignant growths of cancerous cells in the body

Question 30

apoptosis

Answer 30

cell death that is caused by molecular steps

Question 31

angiogenesis

Answer 31

formation of new blood vessels

Question 32

cell cycle checkpoints

Answer 32

points during the cell cycle to make sure that the cell is reproducing properly

Question 33

carciongens

Answer 33

a substance/organism/agent that can cause cancer

Question 34

anchorage dependence

Answer 34

when a cell needs to attach to something to survive

Question 35

density-dependent inhibition

Answer 35

cell only grows to certain point because it becomes inhibited

Question 36

heredity

Answer 36

passing characteristics genetically

Question 37

sporadic

Answer 37

when a disease occurs infrequently and is very dangerous

Question 38

BRCA

Answer 38

tumor suppressor genes that fight cancer

Question 39

cancer stages

Answer 39

stage zero - early form
stage one - localized
stage two - early locally advanced
stage three - late locally advanced
stage four - metastasized