Unit 7 Flashcards
Lipid
The chemical term for fat
Fats
A group of organic molecules most of which do not dissolve in water
Lipids include
Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids and sterols
Lipids contribute… to food
Texture, taste, flavor, and aroma
Fats contain Cal/g
9
Canadian community health survey
Found that Canadian’s fat intake has decreases from 40% to 31%
Intake above 35% if common for
The 35-50 year old diet
Soluble fibers lower
LDL levels
Soy protein
Lowers LDL cholesterol when replacing greater fat containing animal proteins
Plant sterols and stanols
Similar structure to cholesterol by inhibit its absorbiton
Nuts are high in
Fat, omega 3 fatty acids, and antioxidants
Fatty fish
Salmon, mackerel, sardines is high in omega 3 fatty acid
Triglycerides are a
Major form a lipids in food and the body
Triglycerides consist of
3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule
Monoglyceride
When only one fatty acid is attached to a glycerol
Unsaturated fatty acids
Contain some carbons that are not saturated with hydrogens
Unsaturated fatty acids example
Omega 3 and 6
Coconut oil
A medium chain fatty acid. It is solid at room temperature, but is not as bad as other fats
Most animal fats
Are saturated fatty acids
Desired and current ratio of omega 3 and 6
1:2, 1:22
Trans fatty acids
Created by hydrogenation and are really bad.
Hydrogenation
Causes some double bonds to become saturated
Hydrogenated fats can be found in
Margarines, vegetable shortening, and shelf stable baking
Trans fatty acids health risk
Raise blood cholesterol and increase the risk of heart disease
In a diet we want
Mono and poly unsaturated fats, some saturated and no trans fat
Phospholipids are
Lipids attached to a phosphate group
Phosophoglycerides
Are the major class of phospholipids that can act as emulsifiers
Phosphoglycerides form
Lipid bilayers in membranes to regulate the movement of things in and out of the cell
Fats travel pattern in the body
Small intestine to lymphatic system, to blood stream, to the liver to become lipoprotein compounds
High density lipoproteins
Good for us because they find the extra cholesterol and bring it to the liver to be excreted