Study Guide

Question 1

Nutrient

Answer 1

A chemical substance in foods that provide energy and structure and help regulate body processes

Question 2

Enzyme

Answer 2

Protein molecules that accelerate the rate of specific chemical reactions without being changed themselves

Question 3

Hormone

Answer 3

Chemical messengers that are produced in one location, released into the blood, and elicit responses at other locations in the body

Question 4

Phytochemical

Answer 4

Substances found in plant foods that are not essential nutrients but may have health promoting properties

Question 5

Processed food

Answer 5

Foods that have been specially treated or changed from their natural state

Question 6

Fortification

Answer 6

Foods which one or more nutrients have been added, typically to replace nutrient loss during processing or to prevent know inadequacies in the canadian diet

Question 7

Enrichment

Answer 7

Food that has had nutrients added to restore those lost in processing to a level equal or higher than what was originally present

Question 8

Essential nutrient

Answer 8

Nutrients that must be provided in the diet because the body either cannot make them or cannot make then in sufficient quantities to satisfy needs

Question 9

Homeostasis

Answer 9

A physiological state in which a stable internal body environment in maintained

Question 10

Metabolism

Answer 10

The sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in a living organism

Question 11

DRI

Answer 11

Dietary reference intake. A set of reference values for the intake of energy, nutrients, and food components that can be used for planning and assessing the diets of healthy people in the US and canada

Question 12

EAR

Answer 12

Estimated average requirement. Intakes that meet the estimated nutrient needs of 50% of individuals in a gender and life stage group

Question 13

UL

Answer 13

Tolerable upper intake levels. Maximum daily intakes that are unlikely to pose a risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the specified life stage and gender group

Question 14

RDA

Answer 14

Recommended dietary allowances. Intakes that are sufficient to meet the nutrient needs of almost all healthy people in a life stage and gender group

Question 15

AI

Answer 15

Intakes that should be used as a goal when no RDA exists. These values are an approximation of teh average nutrient intake that appears to sustain a desired indicator of health

Question 16

Peristalsis

Answer 16

Coordinated muscular contractions that move food through the GI tract

Question 17

Nutrient density

Answer 17

An evaluation of the nutrient content of a food in comparison to the Kcalories it provides

Question 18

Empty calories

Answer 18

Calories derived from food containing no nutrients

Question 19

Bioavailability

Answer 19

A general term that refers to how well a nutrient can be absorbed and used by the body

Question 20

Beriberi

Answer 20

The disease resulting from a deficiency of thiamin

Question 21

Alcohol energy level

Answer 21

7 calories per gram

Question 22

Alcohol gender difference

Answer 22

Women have a lower tolerance because of their lower water retention. 2v3 a day. 10v15 a week

Question 23

Alcohol body effects

Answer 23

Impairs metal and physical abilities, affects nutrient uptake, increased fat storage

Question 24

Alcohol

Answer 24

A drink made of water, ethanol and sugar

Question 25

Food labels

Answer 25

On all foods to compare their nutrient composition. Include fats, calories, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrates, protein and vitamins

Question 26

Digestion types

Answer 26

Chemical and mechanical

Question 27

Digestion locations

Answer 27

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine

Question 28

Absorption location and percentage

Answer 28

Some in the stomach and large intestine but mostly the small intestine. Glucose is the fastest, then protein, then lipids

Question 29

Fatty acid types and functions

Answer 29

Triglycerides, phospholipids and sterols, omega 3, 6

Question 30

Adipose tissue

Answer 30

Where more of the lipids are stored in the body. Triglycerides
Define body shape
Provide stored energy
Insulate the body from temperature changes
Protect internal organs against physical shock

Question 31

Atherosclerotic plaque

Answer 31

The cholesterol rich material that is deposited in the arteries of individuals with atherosclerosis. It consists of cholesterol, smooth muscle cells, fibrous tissue and calcuim

Question 32

Parts of an amino acid

Answer 32

A central carbon atom bound to a hydrogen atom, an amino group, an acid group and a side chain

Question 33

Deamination and waste products of amino acids

Answer 33

The removal of the amino group from an amino acid

Question 34

Food allergies

Answer 34

When a whole protein is absorbed in the blood stream and the body panics.

Question 35

Glycogen

Answer 35

The form that glucose is converted to to be stored in the body, specifically the liver

Question 36

Lactose intolerance

Answer 36

The enzyme lactase in not present to digest lactose

Question 37

Glycemic index

Answer 37

A ranking of how a food affects the glycemic response. Low on the index, low spike in blood sugar

Question 38

Atherosclerotic plaque

Answer 38

The cholesterol rich material that is deposited in the arteries of individuals with atherosclerosis. It consists of cholesterol, smooth muscle cells, fibrous tissue and calcium

Question 39

Bile

Answer 39

A substance made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, which is released into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion and absorption