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earth history > unit 7 1-72 test 73-77 quiz 12 78-82 quiz 13 > Flashcards

unit 7 1-72 test 73-77 quiz 12 78-82 quiz 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

list the mesozoic periods in order (oldest to youngest)

A

triassic period 251 - 200 million years
jurassic period 200 - 145 million years
cretaceous period 145 - 65 million years

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2
Q

what was the fate of the glaciers on pangaea before the beginning of the mesozoic?

A

continental glaciation will disappear for the next 250 million years

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3
Q

which two landmasses or continents made up pangaea?

A

laurasia (laurentia) and gondwana

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4
Q

what type or classification of a tectonic event caused the opening of the north atlantic?

A

continental rift (divergent zone)

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5
Q

what type of rocks form the palisades of hudson river (new york)?

A

basalts

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6
Q

where was texas located on the globe during the triassic?

A

south of the equator

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7
Q

define an orogeny

A

mountain building

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8
Q

what type of environment is associated with the red beds

A

desert-like conditions over a large area

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9
Q

where do we find some classic examples of red beds in texas

A

palo duro canyon in the texas panhandle near amarillo

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10
Q

how did the dinosaurs walk (position of their legs) as compared to reptiles?

A

dinosaurs can walk erect reptiles have a sprawling walk

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11
Q

can you name some marine dinosaurs and flying dinsoaurs and why?

A

no because they swam or walked with a sprawl

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12
Q

what would be a unique aspect of the lystrosaurs, as far as their numbers can be described

A

was the most abundant animal on the triassic landscape they were small small but lived in vast herds in pangaea

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13
Q

what was a morganucodon and what is its importance?

A 
oldest known (to date) tiny mammal dated at 225 million years
its the smallest known triassic mammal fossil ever found is hadrocodium (the size of a paper-clip)
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14
Q

whatt was a pterosaur?

A

flying animal that had reptilian skulls, teeth and pelvises

includes the large dimorphon and the long tailed rhamphorhynchus

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15
Q

what possibly caused the triassic extinction?

A

major asteroid impact at quebec, canada

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16
Q

which geological period did the gullf of mexico first been open for sea water and salt evaporation

A

early to middle jurassic 200-160 million years

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17
Q

describe the depositional environment of the navajo formation

A

great quantities of sand will erode from the eastern shore of western north america, forming great dunes of sand

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18
Q

what is the name of the jurassic sea that covered a large part of north america

A

sundance sea

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19
Q

what makes the morrison formation so famous

A

it contains the worlds richest assemblage of fossil dinosaur bones

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20
Q

what is the difference between endothermic and ectothermic animals

A

endothermic animals capable of regulating their internal body temperature, regardless of external temperatures
ectothermic relying on the environment and behavior to regulate body temperature

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21
Q

describe predatory/prey ratios that suggest dinosaurs were warm blooded

A

cold-blooded ratio is 20% warm-blooded ratio is 1%-5% dinosaur ratios have been calculated at 1%-5% similar to warm blooded creatures

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22
Q

from what dinosaur did birds probably evolve

A

small bipedal theropod

theropod fossils show imprints of feathers

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23
Q

describe some general characteristics of archaeopteryx (i.e. a bird with teeth)

A

oldest known bird fossils

claws on front and rear limbs; conical teeth in jaws; light-weight feathered body and a long boney tail

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24
Q

what is the general classification name for the largest land animals of all times

A

jurassic sauropods

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25
Q

what was the name of the largest jurassic carnivore

A

jurassic theropods

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26
Q

describe a unique characteristic of an ichthyosaur

A

they had the largest eyes of all known reptiles

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27
Q

which major group of dinosaurs died out at the end of the jurassic period

A

most of the stegosaurids and many of the enormous sauropods died out

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28
Q

which major geologic event marked the sevier orogeny

A

large granite batholiths were emplaced because of a convergent zone

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29
Q

define cordilleran

A

an extensive chain of mountains that form the principle mountain range of a continent

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30
Q

which three orogenies make up the cordilleran orogeny

A

nevada orogeny
cretaceous sevier orogeny
laramide orogeny

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31
Q

what evidence is there to demonstrate that dinosaurs lived in texas

A

there are dinosaur footprints and bones found in texas

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32
Q

within which texas state park do we find abundant dinosuar footprints

A

dinosaur valley state park, glen rose tx (near fort worth)

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33
Q

why is the edwards formation important to south texas

A

has produced more than 450 million barrels of oil
tourist caves are formed in the limestone
forms the edwards aquifer for the san antonio area

34
Q

what is the importance of the eagle ford shale to texas

A

its the site of intensive oil and gas exploration

35
Q

what is the importance of the austin chalk to texas

A

its a famous texas oil and gas producer

36
Q

what classification of mammals were the cretaceous multituberculate

A

they were marsupials

37
Q

describe some unique height characteristic of quetzalcoatlus

A

largest flying animal
wing span of 36 feet, a neck 10 feet long and legs over 7 feet long
weighed over 300 pounds

38
Q

which marine cretaceous species had necks that were 30 feet long

A

plesiosauroids

39
Q

what length did the snake-like mosasaurs achieve

A

60 feet in length

40
Q

what type of animal is exogyra ponderosa

A

giant texas oysters also called the devils toenails

41
Q

what type of plants evolved toward the end of the mesozoic

A

seed- bearing, flowering plants (angiosperms)

42
Q

what is the name of the state dinosaur for texas

A

the giant herbivore paluxysaurua jonesi

43
Q

which dinosaur was the largest land carnivore of all times

A

the t-rex

44
Q

what event brought the end of the mesozoic

A

the impact of asteroid chicxulub

45
Q

during which era were the present day landforms of the western us created

A

during the cenozoic era

46
Q

describe the probable position of the western north american subducted oceanic plate during the laramide orogeny

A

it took place much further inland than is typical for an oceanic crust- continental crust convergence the subducted ocenic plate did not dive deep but moved as a shallow sub-horizontal plate under the continental crust

47
Q

which sea remained in the wyoming area during the paleocene

A

the epicontinental cannonball sea

48
Q

how much coal reserves does the us have

A

they can be mined and used for hundreds of years

49
Q

describe a characteristic of a monotreme, and name an example

A

mammials that have fur, produce milk and lays eggs

50
Q

give an example of a north american marsupial

A

there are none in north america

51
Q

where do we find most of the marsupials today and why there

A

in australia because of its isolation

52
Q

which animal was the chief land predator in the paleocene

A

diatrymidae (gastonis)

53
Q

describe what happened to temperatures at the end of the paleocene

A

temperatures rose by 11 degrees in less than 20,000 years

54
Q

name a famous texas eocene formation for oil and gas

A

the eocene wilcox formation

55
Q

describe the types of fossils associated with the green river formation

A

fish

56
Q

describe the value of the oil shale of the green river formation

A

has the capacity of producing more than two trillion barrels of oil

57
Q

near which texas city have been discovered fossil primate bones

A

laredo

58
Q

describe the feet of the largest land mammal carnivore of all times

A

andrewsarchus its skull was 3 feet long and 2 feet wide the animal weighed over a ton

59
Q

during which epoch would west texas volcanoes spew uranium-rich ash over south texas

A

the oligocene epoch

60
Q

what was the name of the largest land mammal that ever walked on the earth

A

indricotherium was 18 feet tall and weighed over 20 tons

61
Q

which state does the basin and range province dominate

A

nevada

62
Q

describe the geology of the colorado plateau

A

composed of a thick hard jurassic sandstone

a series of flat-lying sandstone plateaus that rises 3,000 to 5,000 feet about the surrounding terrain

63
Q

describe the cenozoic igneous activity of the columbia river area (i.e. what caused it)

A

deep fissures formed under the columbia river valley

64
Q

what was the name of the largest shark that ever lived

A

the megalodons shark reached sizes of 66 feet and weighed 52 tons

65
Q

what were the principle mammal types that evolved in south america before the land bridge

A

they were predominately marsupials due to isolation from north america

66
Q

what effect on animal life did the panamanian central america land bridge have on south america

A

it led to the extinction of most of the south american marsupials and many herbivores
10% of south american mammals went north but caused little change in genetic biodiversity there
50% north american mammals went south and lead to increased genetic biodiversity there

67
Q

what was a smilodon

A

largest of all saber-toothed cats

5 feet long, 4.5 feet tall and weighed up to 1,000 pounds

68
Q

what was a glyptodont

A

a large variety of vw- sized armadillos

69
Q

which are the largest animals to ever live on earth

A

the whales

70
Q

which epochs did megafauna live in the corpus christi area

A

the pleistocene epoch

71
Q

what epoch do we live in now

A

holocene epoch

72
Q

name all seven of the cenozoic epochs - in order from oldest to youngest

A

paleocene eocene oligocene miocene pliocene pleistocene holocene

73
Q

by the end of the permian, pangaea covered one-fourth of earths surface and was surrounded by an ocean named the ______ ocean

A

panthalassa

74
Q

geologists estimate that more than __ different-sized terrains have been added to the western margin of north america during the last 200 million years

A

100

75
Q

the number of named jurassic and cretaceous batholiths in idaho is

A

2

76
Q

the trees or logs that became petrified in the chinle were buried___years ago

A

200 million

77
Q

a stegosaurus belongs to the group

A

ornithischia

78
Q

the cenozoic era represents ___%of all geologic time

A

1.4

79
Q

australopithecines is a collect term for __ species of hominid primates the valley of the gods is located within

A

5 africa or utah

80
Q

mammals that weigh less than 1 kg (2.2 lbs) constitute about___% of all mammal species

A

75

81
Q

the only volcano to erupt in the 1900s in california was

A

lassen peak

82
Q

which country leads in the production of diatomite

A

the united states

earth history (7 decks)

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