unit 7 1-72 test 73-77 quiz 12 78-82 quiz 13

Question 1

list the mesozoic periods in order (oldest to youngest)

Answer 1

triassic period 251 - 200 million years
jurassic period 200 - 145 million years
cretaceous period 145 - 65 million years

Question 2

what was the fate of the glaciers on pangaea before the beginning of the mesozoic?

Answer 2

continental glaciation will disappear for the next 250 million years

Question 3

which two landmasses or continents made up pangaea?

Answer 3

laurasia (laurentia) and gondwana

Question 4

what type or classification of a tectonic event caused the opening of the north atlantic?

Answer 4

continental rift (divergent zone)

Question 5

what type of rocks form the palisades of hudson river (new york)?

Answer 5

basalts

Question 6

where was texas located on the globe during the triassic?

Answer 6

south of the equator

Question 7

define an orogeny

Answer 7

mountain building

Question 8

what type of environment is associated with the red beds

Answer 8

desert-like conditions over a large area

Question 9

where do we find some classic examples of red beds in texas

Answer 9

palo duro canyon in the texas panhandle near amarillo

Question 10

how did the dinosaurs walk (position of their legs) as compared to reptiles?

Answer 10

dinosaurs can walk erect reptiles have a sprawling walk

Question 11

can you name some marine dinosaurs and flying dinsoaurs and why?

Answer 11

no because they swam or walked with a sprawl

Question 12

what would be a unique aspect of the lystrosaurs, as far as their numbers can be described

Answer 12

was the most abundant animal on the triassic landscape they were small small but lived in vast herds in pangaea

Question 13

what was a morganucodon and what is its importance?

Answer 13

oldest known (to date) tiny mammal dated at 225 million years
its the smallest known triassic mammal fossil ever found is hadrocodium (the size of a paper-clip)

Question 14

whatt was a pterosaur?

Answer 14

flying animal that had reptilian skulls, teeth and pelvises

includes the large dimorphon and the long tailed rhamphorhynchus

Question 15

what possibly caused the triassic extinction?

Answer 15

major asteroid impact at quebec, canada

Question 16

which geological period did the gullf of mexico first been open for sea water and salt evaporation

Answer 16

early to middle jurassic 200-160 million years

Question 17

describe the depositional environment of the navajo formation

Answer 17

great quantities of sand will erode from the eastern shore of western north america, forming great dunes of sand

Question 18

what is the name of the jurassic sea that covered a large part of north america

Answer 18

sundance sea

Question 19

what makes the morrison formation so famous

Answer 19

it contains the worlds richest assemblage of fossil dinosaur bones

Question 20

what is the difference between endothermic and ectothermic animals

Answer 20

endothermic animals capable of regulating their internal body temperature, regardless of external temperatures
ectothermic relying on the environment and behavior to regulate body temperature

Question 21

describe predatory/prey ratios that suggest dinosaurs were warm blooded

Answer 21

cold-blooded ratio is 20% warm-blooded ratio is 1%-5% dinosaur ratios have been calculated at 1%-5% similar to warm blooded creatures

Question 22

from what dinosaur did birds probably evolve

Answer 22

small bipedal theropod

theropod fossils show imprints of feathers

Question 23

describe some general characteristics of archaeopteryx (i.e. a bird with teeth)

Answer 23

oldest known bird fossils

claws on front and rear limbs; conical teeth in jaws; light-weight feathered body and a long boney tail

Question 24

what is the general classification name for the largest land animals of all times

Answer 24

jurassic sauropods

Question 25

what was the name of the largest jurassic carnivore

Answer 25

jurassic theropods

Question 26

describe a unique characteristic of an ichthyosaur

Answer 26

they had the largest eyes of all known reptiles

Question 27

which major group of dinosaurs died out at the end of the jurassic period

Answer 27

most of the stegosaurids and many of the enormous sauropods died out

Question 28

which major geologic event marked the sevier orogeny

Answer 28

large granite batholiths were emplaced because of a convergent zone

Question 29

define cordilleran

Answer 29

an extensive chain of mountains that form the principle mountain range of a continent

Question 30

which three orogenies make up the cordilleran orogeny

Answer 30

nevada orogeny cretaceous sevier orogeny laramide orogeny

Question 31

what evidence is there to demonstrate that dinosaurs lived in texas

Answer 31

there are dinosaur footprints and bones found in texas

Question 32

within which texas state park do we find abundant dinosuar footprints

Answer 32

dinosaur valley state park, glen rose tx (near fort worth)

Question 33

why is the edwards formation important to south texas

Answer 33

has produced more than 450 million barrels of oil tourist caves are formed in the limestone forms the edwards aquifer for the san antonio area

Question 34

what is the importance of the eagle ford shale to texas

Answer 34

its the site of intensive oil and gas exploration

Question 35

what is the importance of the austin chalk to texas

Answer 35

its a famous texas oil and gas producer

Question 36

what classification of mammals were the cretaceous multituberculate

Answer 36

they were marsupials

Question 37

describe some unique height characteristic of quetzalcoatlus

Answer 37

largest flying animal wing span of 36 feet, a neck 10 feet long and legs over 7 feet long weighed over 300 pounds

Question 38

which marine cretaceous species had necks that were 30 feet long

Answer 38

plesiosauroids

Question 39

what length did the snake-like mosasaurs achieve

Answer 39

60 feet in length

Question 40

what type of animal is exogyra ponderosa

Answer 40

giant texas oysters also called the devils toenails

Question 41

what type of plants evolved toward the end of the mesozoic

Answer 41

seed- bearing, flowering plants (angiosperms)

Question 42

what is the name of the state dinosaur for texas

Answer 42

the giant herbivore paluxysaurua jonesi

Question 43

which dinosaur was the largest land carnivore of all times

Answer 43

the t-rex

Question 44

what event brought the end of the mesozoic

Answer 44

the impact of asteroid chicxulub

Question 45

during which era were the present day landforms of the western us created

Answer 45

during the cenozoic era

Question 46

describe the probable position of the western north american subducted oceanic plate during the laramide orogeny

Answer 46

it took place much further inland than is typical for an oceanic crust- continental crust convergence the subducted ocenic plate did not dive deep but moved as a shallow sub-horizontal plate under the continental crust

Question 47

which sea remained in the wyoming area during the paleocene

Answer 47

the epicontinental cannonball sea

Question 48

how much coal reserves does the us have

Answer 48

they can be mined and used for hundreds of years

Question 49

describe a characteristic of a monotreme, and name an example

Answer 49

mammials that have fur, produce milk and lays eggs

Question 50

give an example of a north american marsupial

Answer 50

there are none in north america

Question 51

where do we find most of the marsupials today and why there

Answer 51

in australia because of its isolation

Question 52

which animal was the chief land predator in the paleocene

Answer 52

diatrymidae (gastonis)

Question 53

describe what happened to temperatures at the end of the paleocene

Answer 53

temperatures rose by 11 degrees in less than 20,000 years

Question 54

name a famous texas eocene formation for oil and gas

Answer 54

the eocene wilcox formation

Question 55

describe the types of fossils associated with the green river formation

Answer 55

fish

Question 56

describe the value of the oil shale of the green river formation

Answer 56

has the capacity of producing more than two trillion barrels of oil

Question 57

near which texas city have been discovered fossil primate bones

Answer 57

laredo

Question 58

describe the feet of the largest land mammal carnivore of all times

Answer 58

andrewsarchus its skull was 3 feet long and 2 feet wide the animal weighed over a ton

Question 59

during which epoch would west texas volcanoes spew uranium-rich ash over south texas

Answer 59

the oligocene epoch

Question 60

what was the name of the largest land mammal that ever walked on the earth

Answer 60

indricotherium was 18 feet tall and weighed over 20 tons

Question 61

which state does the basin and range province dominate

Answer 61

nevada

Question 62

describe the geology of the colorado plateau

Answer 62

composed of a thick hard jurassic sandstone | a series of flat-lying sandstone plateaus that rises 3,000 to 5,000 feet about the surrounding terrain

Question 63

describe the cenozoic igneous activity of the columbia river area (i.e. what caused it)

Answer 63

deep fissures formed under the columbia river valley

Question 64

what was the name of the largest shark that ever lived

Answer 64

the megalodons shark reached sizes of 66 feet and weighed 52 tons

Question 65

what were the principle mammal types that evolved in south america before the land bridge

Answer 65

they were predominately marsupials due to isolation from north america

Question 66

what effect on animal life did the panamanian central america land bridge have on south america

Answer 66

it led to the extinction of most of the south american marsupials and many herbivores 10% of south american mammals went north but caused little change in genetic biodiversity there 50% north american mammals went south and lead to increased genetic biodiversity there

Question 67

what was a smilodon

Answer 67

largest of all saber-toothed cats | 5 feet long, 4.5 feet tall and weighed up to 1,000 pounds

Question 68

what was a glyptodont

Answer 68

a large variety of vw- sized armadillos

Question 69

which are the largest animals to ever live on earth

Answer 69

the whales

Question 70

which epochs did megafauna live in the corpus christi area

Answer 70

the pleistocene epoch

Question 71

what epoch do we live in now

Answer 71

holocene epoch

Question 72

name all seven of the cenozoic epochs - in order from oldest to youngest

Answer 72

paleocene eocene oligocene miocene pliocene pleistocene holocene

Question 73

by the end of the permian, pangaea covered one-fourth of earths surface and was surrounded by an ocean named the ______ ocean

Answer 73

panthalassa

Question 74

geologists estimate that more than __ different-sized terrains have been added to the western margin of north america during the last 200 million years

Answer 74

100

Question 75

the number of named jurassic and cretaceous batholiths in idaho is

Answer 75

2

Question 76

the trees or logs that became petrified in the chinle were buried___years ago

Answer 76

200 million

Question 77

a stegosaurus belongs to the group

Answer 77

ornithischia

Question 78

the cenozoic era represents ___%of all geologic time

Answer 78

1.4

Question 79

australopithecines is a collect term for __ species of hominid primates the valley of the gods is located within

Answer 79

5 africa or utah

Question 80

mammals that weigh less than 1 kg (2.2 lbs) constitute about___% of all mammal species

Answer 80

75

Question 81

the only volcano to erupt in the 1900s in california was

Answer 81

lassen peak

Question 82

which country leads in the production of diatomite

Answer 82

the united states