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earth history > unit 3 1-48 test 49-53 quiz 5 > Flashcards

unit 3 1-48 test 49-53 quiz 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the big bang theory?

A

the dominant scientific theory about the origin of the universe

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2
Q

what is the approximate age of the universe?

A

about 13.7 billion years old

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3
Q

where is the center of our universe?

A

there is no center of our universe because all positions are equivalent

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4
Q

what does a cosmologic red shift imply (objects moving toward us or away from us?

A

means the universe is expanding and moving away from us

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5
Q

describe the concept of the expansion of space and compare the velocities of expansion with distances of galaxies further away from us.

A

the universe is expanding and the speed of expansion increases with distance away from us as determined by the red shifts.
the further a galaxy is away from us, the faster the galaxy is moving away from us

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6
Q

what is cmb (cosmic microwave background radiation)?

A

cmb is the temperature or energy left over from the big bang(the temperature of space itself has been cooling ever since the big bang)

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7
Q

make a comparison about the expansion of space (raisin bread).

A

raisins(galaxies) in bread dough (space); the raisins galaxies) stay the same size as the bread dough (space) rises and expands to form bread

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8
Q

what does the latest evidence imply about the fate of our universe?

A

the rate of expansion for our universe is increasing and will probably expand forever

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9
Q

about how much “dark enery’make up our known universe?

A

dark energy forms about 70% of our universe

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10
Q

how fast does light travel in miles per second?

A

light travels at 186,000 miles per second

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11
Q

who first proved that galaxies are located outside our own galaxy?

A

edwin hubble (1929)

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12
Q

what three galactic types make up the hubble classification of galaxies?

A

elliptical galaxy
spiral galaxies spiral and barred spiral
irregular galaxies

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13
Q

where is the relative location of the older and younger stars in typical spiral galaxies?

A

in the central region of old yellow stars, with younger blue stars and dust along the spiral arms

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14
Q

are collisions of galaxies rare? how do we know?

A

galactic collisions are fairly common in our universe. by telescopic observation shows that galaxies can collide and pass through one another

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15
Q

define a galaxy cluster.

A

large gravitationally bound “structure”formed by a collection of hundreds to thousands of galaxies

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16
Q

what is an “einstein cross” and what would cause this?

A

galactic phenomena of a single distant galaxy appearing to be multiple galaxies because of the frontal galaxys gravity bending light

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17
Q

what makes up our largest structure in the known universe?

A

the largest structure of our visible universe is empty space

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18
Q

give a simple definition of a nebula?

A

gas and dust collected in galaxies that can block visible starlight, and we can find this will all spiral galaxies

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19
Q

what is important about simple amino acids being found in nebula or moecular clouds?

A

our solar system my have evolved from such a cloud

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20
Q

what is the name of our home galaxy?

A

the milky way galaxy

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21
Q

how long does it take for our solar system to make one orbit about our galaxy?

A

it takes about 250 million years to make one orbit about the galaxy

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22
Q

what is the probable classification-type of galaxy for our home galaxy

A

a barred spiral galaxy

23
Q

give a simple definition of globular clusters?

A

vast collection of stars (some have a million stars) that orbits in and out the galactic disk

24
Q

where must we go to see the magellanic clouds and what are they? (from where are they visible?)

A

two dwarf, irregular galaxies being captured by the milky-way galaxy. these are only visible from the southern hemisphere.

25
Q

describe the relative movement of the andromeda galaxy and its possible consequences to our galaxy.

A

its moving towards the milky way at a speed of 300,000 miles per hour and will collide with the milky way in about 5 billion years. 450 billion stars will be involved with the collision, only four or five stars will actually collide.

26
Q

what are planetesimals?

A

any of the innumerable small bodies that orbit a star

27
Q

view from the “top”. which direction do our planets orbit our sun?

A

all planets orbit our star in a counterclockwise direction

28
Q

what is the approximate diameter of our sun in miles?

A

865,000 miles (109 times that of earth)

29
Q

based on temperature and brightness, our sun is ___. (type of star)

A

an average size yellw star

30
Q

what are the two types of super-giant stars?

A

the blue super-giant stars that can have the mass of 100 suns
the red super-giants such as betelgeuse have size that would that would envelope jupiters orbit

31
Q

over time, what is the fate of our sun?

A

in another 5 billion years, the sun will become a red giant and envelope earths orbit

32
Q

what might be the fate of our sun if it had more than 4 times its present mass?

A

4 times the mass of the sun, may eventually explode in a supernova an become a neutron star or a black hole

33
Q

which methods have been used to locate exoplanets?

A

the kepler space telescope star wobbles use the doppler shift of light which is bluish when moving toward us and reddish when moving away from us

34
Q

name all the planets, in order from the sun.

A

mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, pluto

35
Q

compare the mass of jupiter to the other planets.

A

it has more mass than all other solar system planets combined

36
Q

what criteria of heavenly bodies are being considered for “dwarf planet” and “plutoid” status?

A

heavenly bodies beyond the general orbit path of neptune will be classified as plutoids.
hevenly bodies within the orbit of neptune will be reclassified as dwarf planets

37
Q

what is the composition of most moons (ice, rock,???)

A

(water and some methane) ice, commonly with rocky cores.

38
Q

where are most asteroids located within our solar system?

A

mostly between mars and jupiter

39
Q

compare the mass of all known asteroids to a nearby heavenly body.

A

the mass of all asteroids is less than the mass of our moon

40
Q

which asteroid has the us landed a probe?

A

near earth orbit crossing asterod eros.

41
Q

what three types of meteorites are there?

A

stony meteorite composed of silicates and oxides
iron meteorite metallic meteorites
stony-iron meteorites rare, less than1 %, they are composed of mixed iron and stone

42
Q

how many larger meteor craters are known in texas?

A

one

43
Q

what is the oort cloud and where is it located?

A

immense spherical “cloud” of ice, gas, dust and rocks that surround the solar system long period comets

44
Q

what is the kuiper belt and where is it located?

A

disk-shaped region of ice, gas, dust and rock past the orbit of neptune short-termed comets

45
Q

what causes meteor showers or shooting stars?

A

sand-sized particles, derived mostly from debris left in comet orbits. when earth crosses an older orbit, we see lots of shooting stars

46
Q

how do we explain the origin of our moon today?

A

a planet the size of mars impacted earth and blasted rock debris into space. within a few thousands year, the space debris accreted into the moon

47
Q

what is the moons size compared to earth?

A

it is 1/4 the size of earths diameter

48
Q

when does the far side of the moon face earth?

A

the far side of the moon never faces earth

49
Q

our book suggest that early earth was ____

A

probably cool, of generally uniform composition and density throughut, and composd mostly of silicates, comounds consisting of slicon and oxygen, iron, and magnesium oxides, and smaler amounts of all other chemcal elements.

50
Q

according to our book, what increased the temperature of our early earth?

A

the combination of meteorite impacts, gravitational compresion and heat from radioactive decay increased the temperature of earth

51
Q

according to our book what was the most significant event in earths history?

A

yhe differentiation into a layered planet

52
Q

what is unique about the planet uranus?

A

its the only planet that lies on its side.its axis of rotation nearly parallels the plane in which the planets revolve around the sun

53
Q

what layer surrounds the lower mantle?

A

the asthenosphere surrounds the lower mantle

earth history (7 decks)

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