Unit 6, Topic 4: Translation Flashcards
process through which RNA directs the formation of protein
translation
three-nucleotide sequence in a tRNA molecule that corresponds to an mRNA codon
anticodon
RNA that carries activated amino acids to the site of protein synthesis on the ribosome
tRNA
AKA transfer RNA
three-nucleotide sequence that terminates protein synthesis and releases the polypeptide from the translation machinery.
stop codon
tRNA has an (blank) region which is complementary and antiparallel to (blank)
anticodon, mRNA
Where does translation occur?
ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm
The very first tRNA will enter at which site on the ribosome (A, P, or E)?
P
protein synthesis occurs in two stages (blank) and (blank)
transcription, translation
what is the purpose of translation?
for mRNA to be read and translated into a sequence of amino acids.
If the tRNA anticodon reads 3’- CUU -5’ then what does the mRNA codon read that it can bind to? Knowing this, what amino acid will the tRNA be carrying?
5’-GAA-3’, Glu
An mRNA sequence reads: 5’- CGAUGCAGA- 3’. Translate this sequence (Assume you are downstream of the start codon.)
3’-GCUACGUCU-5’
When does translation stop?
when a stop codon is reached?
Trace the path of a newly produced polypeptide that will leave the cell? ( Hint: think back to Unit 2. )
The polypetide folds into an active protein and goes on to perform its functions within the cell
How does transcription and translation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
in eukaryotes the processes take place in different cellular compartments whereas both processes share space and time in prokaryotes.
RNA is processed in the nucleus in eukaryotes and the cytoplasm for prokaryotes.
