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AP Bio > Unit 6, Topic 3: Transcription and RNA processing > Flashcards

Unit 6, Topic 3: Transcription and RNA processing Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

process through which messenger RNA forms on a template of DNA

A

transcription

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2
Q

processes that control the turning on or turning off of a gene

A

gene expression

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3
Q

strand of DNA that specifies the complementary mRNA molecule

A

template strand

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4
Q

three consecutive nucleotides in mRNA that specify the insertion of an amino acid or the release of a polypeptide chain during translation

A

codon

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5
Q

RNA that ensures the proper alignment of the mRNA and the ribosomes during protein synthesis and catalyzes the formation of the peptide linkage

A

rRNA

AKA ribosomal RNA

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6
Q

RNA that carries activated amino acids to the site of protein synthesis on the ribosome

A

tRNA

AKA transfer RNA

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7
Q

a methylated guanosine triphosphate (GTP) molecule that is attached to the 5’ end of a messenger RNA to protect the end from degradation

A

5’ cap

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8
Q

modification added to the 3’ end of pre-mRNAs to protect mRNA from degradation and assist mRNA export from the nucleus

A

Poly-A tail

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9
Q

RNA that carries information from DNA to ribosomes during protein synthesis

A

mRNA

AKA messenger RNA

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10
Q

sequence of triplet codons in mRNA that specify a particular protein; a ribosome shift of one or two nucleotides in either direction completely abolishes synthesis of that protein

A

reading frame

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11
Q

The mechanism that allows different protein products to be produced from one gene when different combinations of introns, and sometimes exons, are removed from the transcript.

A

alternative splicing

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12
Q

the process by which introns are removed from tthe RNA strand

A

RNA splicing

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13
Q

In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in _________.

A

the nucleus

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14
Q

True or false: the genetic code is read in groups of two nucleotides at a time called the doublet code.

A

False

It is read in groups of 3 (triplet code)

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15
Q

True or false: only the template strand of DNA is transcribed during transcription.

A

true

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: the mRNA nucleotide triplets are called (blank). These code for (blank).

A

codons, amino acid insertion/polypeptide chain

17
Q

What is a promoter region?

A

a region of DNA where RNA polymerase begins to transcribe a gene.

18
Q

Are promoter regions upstream or downstream of the gene?

A

upstream

19
Q

What would be the immediate effect to transcription if a cell was exposed to a drug that mutated the promoter region?

A

RNA polymerase would not be able to bind to the DNA and transcription would not be able to occur.

20
Q

Why do introns exist if they are just spliced out of the mRNA during pre-mRNA modifications?

A

so that a single gene is able to produce multiple proteins from the same gene with slightly different effects.

21
Q

Why is redundancy in the genetic code important?

A

it minimizes the harmful effects that incorrectly placed nucleotides can have on protein synthesis.

22
Q

Which triplets code for phenylalanine (phe)?

A

UUU, UUC

23
Q

Which triplets code for leucine (leu)?

A

UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG

24
Q

Which triplets code for isoleucine (Ile)?

A

AUU, AUC, AUA

25
Q

Which triplets code for valine (val)?

A

GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG

26
Q

Which triplets code for serine (ser)?

A

UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU, AGC

27
Q

Which triplets code for proline (pro)?

A

CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG

28
Q

Which triplets code for threonine (thr)?

A

ACU, ACC, ACA, ACG

29
Q

Which triplets code for alanine (ala)?

A

GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG

30
Q

Which triplets code for tyrosine (tyr)?

A

UAU, UAC

31
Q

Which triplets code for histidine (his)?

A

CAU, CAC

32
Q

Which triplets code for glutamine (gln)?

A

CAA, CAG

33
Q

Which triplets code for asparagine (asn)?

A

AAU, AAC,

34
Q

Which triplets code for lysine (lys)?

A

AAA, AAG

35
Q

Which triplets code for aspartic acid (asp)?

A

GAU, GAC

36
Q

Which triplets code for glutamic acid (glu)?

A

GAA, GAG

37
Q
A

AP Bio (15 decks)

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