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Unit 6 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What country claimed the territory in the 1500’s?

A

Spain

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2
Q

Why did the Spanish eventually decide to settle Texas?

A

Protect the territory from French settlement

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3
Q

What did the Spanish build throughout Texas?

A

Missions

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4
Q

What was the goal of the Spanish in building these?

A

Hoping to educate and “civilize” the NAs in Texas

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5
Q

Why did the Mission System fail?

A

The NAs disliked the Spanish and refused to inhabit the towns, even attacking them

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6
Q

In 1800, how many settlements did Spain have in Texas?

A

3

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7
Q

Who was Texas originally settled by?

A

Native Americans

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8
Q

Who made the deal with Spain to colonize Texas?

A

Moses Austin

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9
Q

What happened to Moses? Who had to take over?

A

He died shortly after the deal and his son Stephen followed his footsteps

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10
Q

How long did it take him to build a successful colony?

A

4 years-300 families

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11
Q

What happened in Mexico in 1821?

A

They gained their independence from Spain

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12
Q

What did Mexico want to do with Texas?

A

They wanted to increase settlement

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13
Q

Who are empresarios?

A

People who recruited settlers and set up colonies

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14
Q

What was the population of Texas in 1830? How many colonies are there?

A

30,000 12 colonies

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15
Q

What are the Tejanos?

A

Native Texans who are of Mexican heritage

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16
Q

What are he five Mexican laws the settlers of Texas had to follow?

A 
A. Swear allegiance to Mexico
B. Give up U. S. Citizenship
C. Adopt Roman Catholicism as their religion
D. Stay on their land for 7 years
E. No slavery
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17
Q

What did many settlers not follow the Mexican laws?

A

they wanted to live by american rules

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18
Q

What does Mexico do to force settlers to obey their laws?

A

Bans american immigration to Texas

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19
Q

Why did Mexico feel the US wanted to acquire Texas?

A

It had originally been a part of the Louisiana Purchase and the US wanted to extend their land

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20
Q

Why did Texas want to become independent from Mexico?

A

The settlers were unhappy with Mexican laws

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21
Q

Who was the Mexican President? How did he respond?

A

Santa Anna, sends in troops

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22
Q

What is the name of the meeting the Texans have to draw up the new government?

A

Consultation

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23
Q

Who do they choose as their leader? Who is he?

A

Sam Houston, a rejected senator from Tennessee

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24
Q

What was the Alamo originally? What was it turned into?

A

A mission turned into a fortress

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25
Q

How many troops does Santa Anna bring to the Alamo? How many Texans are there?

A

6,000 troops 250 Texans

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26
Q

Who is in charge of he Alamo? Who is there to assist him?

A

William Travis with Davy Crockett

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27
Q

How long was the battle at the Alamo? What resulted?

A

12 days, everyone fighting dies

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28
Q

Why was the battle at the Alamo important?

A

While the defenders of the Alamo were holding off the Mexican army San Houston was able to assemble a much larger army at San Jacunto

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29
Q

What is the goliad? What happened there?

A

A prison for people who had rebelled against the Mexicans, he killed all 340 prisoners

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30
Q

What does Sam Houston have planned for the Mexican army at Sam Jacinto?

A

Over 800 of 1200 Mexicans killed in 20 minutes, 9 of 900 Texans were killed

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31
Q

What happened to Santa Anna?

A

They find him and force him to sign the Treaty of Velasco

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32
Q

What are the terms of the Treaty of Velasco?

A
  • withdraw troops

- recognize the independence of the republic of Texas

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33
Q

Who coined the phrase “manifest destiny”?

A

John O’ Sullivan

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34
Q

What does manifest destiny mean?

A

The belief that the US would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican Territory

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35
Q

What are the three major reasons Americans moved west?

A
  • many Americans had personal economic problems
  • abundance of land in the west was enticing to people who wanted a fresh start in life
  • Land owning was an important step towards prosperity
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36
Q

Who was most likely to move west?

A

Farmers, merchants, miners

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37
Q

What was the originally purpose of the Oregon Trail?

A

Traveled by Christian missionaries looking to bring religion to the NAs

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38
Q

Where did the Oregon Trail start and end?

A

Starts in Independence Missouri and ended in Portland

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39
Q

Who had followed a similar route to the Oregon Trail?

A

Lewis and Clark

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40
Q

What ere some of the hazards of the Oregon Trail?

A
  • trip took months
  • many walked pushing heavy hand cords loaded with few possessions
  • people died from fever, cholera, severe diarrhea
  • caravans attacked by NAs
  • many suffered got loneliness and despair
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41
Q

What happened to the Donner Party?

A

45 survived, cannibalism was last resort, took a wrong turn which they thought was a short cut

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42
Q

Why did the Mormons migrate west?

A

Every place they tried to settle they get kicked out of because of polygamy

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43
Q

What happened to their leader?

A

He’s killed by and Anti-Mormon group (Joseph smith)

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44
Q

Who takes over as leader?

A

Brigham young

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45
Q

Where does he lead them to?

A

Great salt lake

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46
Q

What caused the Aroostook war?

A

Woods: war between lumberjacks

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47
Q

What resulted from the Webster- Ashburton Treaty?

A

Clarified border

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48
Q

Why were president Jackson and Van Buren hesitant to add Texas as a state to the United States?

A

Because it would upset Northern Voters who didn’t want another slave state added

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49
Q

Which two countries had a claim on the Oregon Territory?

A

US and Britian

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50
Q

What was the major question concerning the Oregon Territory?

A

Which country does the territory belong to

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51
Q

What issue caused debate over the expansion of the US? Why?

A

The slavery issue because there’s an anti-slavery sentiment and Northerners want Oregon as a non slave state

52
Q

Why did John Tyler run for reelection as a Democrat in 1848?

A

He had been discovered by his own party the Whigs because he wanted to add both Texas and Oregon

53
Q

Why did the Democrats choose James Polk as their candidate instead of Tyler?

A

Tyler hadn’t had a very good run as president

54
Q

Who is Polks opponent in 1848? What party is he from? Who wins?

A

Henry Clay, Whigs, Polk wins

55
Q

Why was James polk popular in both the north and south?

A

Because he wanted both Oregon and Texas

56
Q

Why did polk not not want war with Britain over Oregon?

A

He doesn’t want to possibly open up a war in two different fronts

57
Q

How was the Oregon Territory divided between the US and Britian?

A

The same 49th parallel line used to divide Maine and Canada is used to divide Oregon

58
Q

What territory was disputed between the US and Mexico?

A

Texas

59
Q

Why does the US realize war is the only option against Mexico?

A

Negotiating didn’t work, they told California to declare independence

60
Q

What general was able to lead troops deep into Mexico?

A

Zachary Taylor

61
Q

What is the bane of the peace treaty the Mexicans are forced to sign?

A

The treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo

62
Q

What territory is gained by the US as a result of the treaty?

A

The Mexican cession

63
Q

What discovery was made in California in 1848?

A

Gold

64
Q

What resulted after the discovery?

A

Gold rush

65
Q

What was the overall effect on California?

A

Huge migration of people from the East
Chinese immigration
Population swell

66
Q

What was the issue that was raised when new land was acquired in the west?

A

Whether or not there should be slaves in the new territory

67
Q

Aw hat did the southerners want added to the laws of the United States?

A

Add laws to assist catching run-away slaves

68
Q

Why did President Polk think that the west was not suitable for slavery?

A

Because of the climate

69
Q

What did the Wilmot Priviso state

A

Proposal to ban slavery in any territory gained from Mexico

70
Q

How did the south react to the Wilmot Proviso?

A

They were unhappy

71
Q

What happened to the Wilmot Proviso in congress?

A

Does not do well because it’s not voted on

72
Q

What was the idea proposed by Lewis cass for deciding whether a territory should have slavery?

A

Popular sovereignty

73
Q

How did this idea work?

A

Allow the voters of the territory to decide if they want slavery or not

74
Q

Why was this idea not the answer to the problem?

A

Because it avoided the problem

75
Q

California applied for statehood as what kind of state

A

Free state

76
Q

Why did this upset the Southerners?

A

Because this would mean more free states than slave states

77
Q

How did the Compromise of 1850 attempt to solve this problem?

A

California is free, all other territory gained from Mexico could use popular sovereignty

78
Q

What was the other component of the Compromise of 1850?

A

Fugitive Slave Act

79
Q

If an African American was accused of being a runaway slave, what happened first?

A

They would be brought be for a judge after being arrested

80
Q

How was it determined if the person was a runaway slave?

A

Sworn statement from a white person

81
Q

What could the accused runaway not do?

A

They could not have a trial

82
Q

Why was the system corrupt?

A

The judge would get $5 if he decided to be in favor of the accused and $10 if he decided to say they were a runaway slave

83
Q

How did Northerners react to this new law?

A

Created more hatred for slavery

84
Q

Who speaks out against this law?

A

Frederick Douglas

85
Q

what are the results of his speeches?

A

The white northerners began to ignore the law

86
Q

What is “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”

A

A book about a slave who is beaten severely by his master who is a drunk crazy man

87
Q

who wrote it?

A

Harriet Beecher Stowe

88
Q

what was the effeft off the book on the country?

A

Increased hatred of slavery by Northerners, outrages southerners

89
Q

What did Abraham Lincoln say to the author?

A

So you’re the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war

90
Q

Why was a transcontinental railroad necessary in the country?

A

Needed to connect the West Coast to the rest of the country

91
Q

What was the issue that kept a route from being built through the South?

A

The route would go through northern Mexico

92
Q

What is done to solve this?

A

James Gadsden was sent by the US government ti buy land from Mexico

93
Q

What is acquired? How much did it cost?

A

The strip of land that is today the southern part of Arizona and New Mexico; $10 million

94
Q

How did the North respond to this purchase?

A

they want to have their Northern route started

95
Q

What had to be done to satisfy the North?

A

They had to organize the Nebraska territory and Kansas territory

96
Q

Why did the South not want Nebraska to become an organized territory?

A

Because it was above Missouri so it wouldn’t be a slave state

97
Q

How does Senator Douglas propose to resolve the issue?

A

he says that settlers could decide if they wanted slavery by popular sovereignty

98
Q

How would it be determined if each territory was open to slavery?

A

Popular Sovereignty

99
Q

What results in Kansas? What name is give to this situation?

A

Becomes a scene of a territorial civil war between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers; Bleeding Kansas

100
Q

Who is the leader of the anti-slavery group in Kansas?

A

John Brown

101
Q

What is the significance of the events in Kansas?

A

They are a snapshot of whats going to be occurring during the civil war

102
Q

Who was Dred Scott?

A

Slave who lives in Missouri and was taken by his master into free states

103
Q

Why did he sue in federal court?

A

Because he was convinced that since he was taken to free states he had to be set free

104
Q

What did the Supreme Court decide in the Dred Scott decision?

A

A. African Americans cannot be considered citizens of the US

B. Had no right to sue in federal court

105
Q

How did the ruling in this case divide Democrats and Republicans?

A

The split was intensified because Democrats liked the decision and Republicans were against it

106
Q

What position were Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln running for in 1858?

A

Senate

107
Q

How did they spread their message?

A

Debates

108
Q

What was Douglas’s position on the slavery issue?

A

supported his idea of popular sovereignty

109
Q

What was Lincolns position on slavery?

A

opposing extension of slavery to territory

110
Q

Who won the election between Douglas and Lincoln?

A

Douglas

111
Q

What were some positive results for Lincoln?

A
  • gained national reputation
  • Republicans showed south growing anti-slavery support
  • discredited Douglas
112
Q

What happened on October 16, 1859?

A

John Brown wanted to invade arsenal and take it over with his 5 sons and give weapons to slaves

113
Q

What is located at Harpers Ferry?

A

Arsenal and army

114
Q

What was Browns ultimate plan?

A

He wanted to match into the south either the weapons he has and free the slaves

115
Q

What happens to brown?

A

He’s executed for him crimes

116
Q

Who was the Republican nominee for President in 1860?

A

Abraham Lincoln

117
Q

Who were he Democratic nominees? Why were there two?

A

Stephen Douglas and John Breckinridge, to satisfy all of the south

118
Q

Who is the third party candidate?

A

John Bell of the Constitutional Union Party

119
Q

Who wins this election? Why?

A

Lincoln because the democrats ran 2 candidates therefore splitting vote

120
Q

What was the last-ditch effort by the South to protect slavery called?

A

Crittenden Compromise: slavery constitutionally guaranteed, reinstated Missouri compromise

121
Q

What happened to this proposal?

A

Lincoln opposed- he convinces congressional Republicans to vote against it

122
Q

What then took place? Why was it unsuccessful?

A

Virginia called for a peace conference, 21 states showed up and nobody came from secessionist states

123
Q

What happened in December 17, 1860

A

South Carolina legislature dissolved union with US

124
Q

What soon followed?

A

Other states: MA FL AL GA LA TX VA AR NV TN

125
Q

What did this group becoming known as? Who were its leaders?

A

Confederate states of America, Jefferson Davis Alexander Stephens

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