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Unit 5 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

About how many immigrants came to America between 1840 and 1860?

A

4 million

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2
Q

Where did most of these immigrants come from?

A

Germany and Ireland

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3
Q

What are “push” factors?

A

Why people want to leave their countries

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4
Q

What are “pull” factors?

A

What makes the new country attractive

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5
Q

Give examples of push and pull factors

A

Push: famine, war, loss of jobs
Pull: freedom, more land, opportunities for success

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6
Q

What two reasons caused the Irish to come to America in the 1800s

A

Irish potato famine and no opportunity for wealth/success

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7
Q

Where did most of the Irish settle?

A

East coast

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8
Q

What jobs did the Irish have?

A

Builders of canals, roads and railroads

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9
Q

Why did many Germans leave their country?

A

Political/ economic reasons

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10
Q

Where did the Germans tend to settle?

A

Midwest

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11
Q

What jobs did the Germans have

A

Farmers, skilled workers (Mason’s tailors seamstresses)

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12
Q

Why were some native-born Americans opposed to immigration?

A

Immigrants worked for less

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13
Q

How did religion contribute to problems between american and immigrants?

A

Catholic immigrants vs. Protestant Americans

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14
Q

What is the name for Americans who opposed immigration?

A

Nativists

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15
Q

What is the name of the political party they form?

A

Know-nothing’s

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16
Q

What are the Nativists three main goals?

A
  1. Make it difficult for immigrants to become citizens
  2. Keep them from holding public office
  3. Keep Catholics from holding public office
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17
Q

How did the industrial revolution help the development of cities?

A

Large factories and corporations

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18
Q

How did the Transportations Revolution influence the growth of cities?

A

Made it possible for more Americans to travel to cities

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19
Q

What new socioeconomic group develops?

A

The middle class

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20
Q

What jobs did the middle class have?

A

Manufacturers, merchants, craft people

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21
Q

How did they differ from the other two classes?

A

Not as wealthy we upper class not as poor as lower class

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22
Q

What were some problems in living conditions in the cities?

A

Water pollutes, poor sanitation, criminal activity

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23
Q

How much do cities grow between 1820 and 1850

A

It doubles

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24
Q

Where were most cities in America located?

A

North

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25
Q

What does the term “antebellum” mean?

A

Before war

When associated with America means before the civil war

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26
Q

What are the five major reform movements of this time period?

A
  1. Temperance
  2. Asylum
  3. Abolitionism
  4. Women’s rights
  5. Education
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27
Q

How do the beliefs of the Unitarians differ from the beliefs of the Puritans?

A

They believed a God of love instead of a God anger

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28
Q

According to a Unitarian, how does a person show love for God?

A

By helping others and doing good

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29
Q

Why did social reform movements occur mainly in the North?

A

They challenged the southern way of life

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30
Q

What is meant by “social gospel”

A

Social conscience- applying the things that you learn in church into your daily life

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31
Q

What two religious groups see the greatest increase in membership?

A

Baptists and Methodists

32
Q

What was the goal of the temperance movement?

A

Curbing the drinking of alcohol

33
Q

Why are there drastic increases and decreases in alcohol consumption in the U. S.?

A 
War= increase
Peace= decrease
34
Q

What three places did the asylum movement focus on reforming?

A

Orphanages, jails, hospitals

35
Q

What changed about the goal of these asylums?

A

Started with separating these people from society then wanted to help them integrate back in

36
Q

Who was the major leader of the asylum reform movement?

A

Dorothea Dix

37
Q

What were some of the conditions she reported?

A

People are chained up, kept in cages, beaten with rods

38
Q

What effect does she have on asylums in America?

A

She changes a few things but the bigger changes occurred in the late 1900s

39
Q

Who is the leader of the educational reform movement?

A

Horace Mann

40
Q

What are some new educational ideas Mann introduces?

A

Minimum length school year, training for teachers, state board of education, history and geography

41
Q

Why was Oberlin College different from any other college?

A

First co-Ed college

42
Q

What was the name of the first women only college?

A

Mount Holyoke

43
Q

What is the goal of the abolitionist movement?

A

To end slavery

44
Q

How do gradualist and immediatists differ in the slavery issue?

A

G: faze it out, don’t do it all at once
I: we need to end slavery now

45
Q

Who was the newspaper editor who was a leading abolitionist? What is his newspaper called?

A

William Lloyd Garrison, the Liberator

46
Q

What are some of Garrisons main ideas on slavery?

A

1 immediate ending of slavery
2 racial equality
3 salver holders in the south should not be compensated for

47
Q

Why was Frederick Douglas such and influential abolitionist?

A

He lived through slavery first hand

48
Q

Who is Isabella Baumfree? What is the significance of her other name?

A

Escaped slave, changed her name to Sojourner Truth which means traveling truth

49
Q

What two factors made immigrants on increase in America in the 1800s?

A

A. Growth in industry

B. Opening of the West

50
Q

What is the Underground Railroad?

A

The route where slaves would go to escape from the south

51
Q

Why were white Americans important to the success of the Underground Railroad?

A

Because their houses were used to hold slaves

52
Q

What are some terms from be Underground Railroad that are similar to a regular railroad?

A

Conductor, passengers

53
Q

Where does slavery grow most rapidly between between 1820 and 1860?

A

The cotton belt

54
Q

What are some conditions women in the 19th century dealt with?

A

A. Unable to vote
B. Legal status of a minor
C. Single: could own her own property
D. Married: no control over property or children
E. Could not initiate divorce
F. Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract or bring suit in court without husbands permission

55
Q

What does the term “Cult of Domesticity” mean?

A

A women’s place was in the home and to civilize the husband and family

56
Q

Where did the women’s rights convention take place in 1848

A

Seneca Falls

57
Q

Who wrote the Seneca Falls declaration?

A

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

58
Q

What is the declaration modeled after?

A

The deceleration of independence

59
Q

What is meant by “industrial revolution”?

A

A shift from goods made by hand to factory and mass production

60
Q

Why is America slow to embrace the factory system?

A

A. Scarce labor
B. Little capital
C. Superiority of British factories

61
Q

Who is considered to be the “Father of the American Factory System”?

A

Samuel Slater

62
Q

Where did he build his mill? What did it produce?

A

Pawtucket, Rhode Island

Textile factory

63
Q

Who made the American mills superior to the British?

A

Francis C Lowell, builds a much improved power mill with the help of Paul Moody

64
Q

What invention helped him do this?

A

Power Loom

65
Q

Who were “factory girls”?

A

Young New England farm girls

66
Q

How many hours per week did they work?

A

13 hours a day

67
Q

Why were they supervised so closely outside the mill?

A

Because they don’t want them running off and getting married

68
Q

By 1850, what percentage of women were working outside the home?

A

10% of white women

69
Q

What concept were women slowly breaking away from?

A

A large family size and early marriage

70
Q

Why did the average family size decline at this time?

A

Don’t need as many kids on the farm

71
Q

What are “wage slaves”?

A

What factory workers in the North were known as

White north people who worked little pay and long hours in unsanitary conditions

72
Q

What are some of the conditions that existed in the factories?

A

Low wages, long hours, lack of heat, unsanitary

73
Q

What role did children have in the factories

A

1/2 of industrial workers were children under 10

74
Q

Which political party tended to support workers’ rights?

A

Democratic Party

75
Q

What were some of the rights the workers sought?

A

10 hour work day, better pay

76
Q

How did the Commonwealth v. Hunt decision help workers?

A

Creation of labor unions were now legal

history (16 decks)

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