Unit 6 Test

Question 1

Lamark’s theory

Answer 1

As species use certain body parts they become stronger and larger, and those they don’t use start to disappear.

Question 2

Darwin’s Theory

Answer 2

Not all individuals can reproduce, only those that have the best traits succeed. Overtime, harmful traits are eliminated from the population (survival of the fittest)

Question 3

Gradualism

Answer 3

Slow, small changes over time, constant adaptation. whales

Question 4

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 4

Episodes of rapid change followed by long periods of little or no change. spots on leopard

Question 5

Convergent

Answer 5

Different species independently evolve similar traits. (No common ancestor, analogous)

Question 6

Divergent

Answer 6

The process by which species evolve into 2 or more different species (common ancestor, homologous)

Question 7

Fossil Record

Answer 7

Imprint of bones, leaves or insects in stone or sap

Question 8

Homologous Structures

Answer 8

Similar structures on the inside (common ancestor)

Question 9

Analogous Structures

Answer 9

Different structure, similar function (no common ancestor)

Question 10

Vestigial Structures

Answer 10

Structures that no longer have a function hipbone on whale

Question 11

Embryology

Answer 11

Similarities on embroy’s develop gills–>lungs

Question 12

Biochemistry

Answer 12

Similarities in DNA and Amino Acids (strongest evidence)

Question 13

Biogeography

Answer 13

Similar ecological pressure, produces similar features mamals–>uterus

Question 14

Variation

Answer 14

Differences between individuals in a species/population

Question 15

Inherited Traits

Answer 15

A particular genetically determined characteristic quality that distinguished an organism.

Question 16

Competition

Answer 16

The interaction between organisms/ species where they strive for the same limited resources.

Question 17

Survival of the Fittest

Answer 17

The concept that organisms best adapted to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Question 18

Genetic Drift

Answer 18

Change in allele frequency by chance (disasters or disease)

Question 19

Founder Effect

Answer 19

Few individuals surviving establish original breeding patterns.

Question 20

Bottleneck Effect

Answer 20

Population is almost wipes out, only a few genes remaining (endangered species)

Question 21

Non random mating

Answer 21

Females choose for the best traits in a male.

Question 22

Mutations

Answer 22

Random changes, provides variations on which natural selection can act on.

Question 23

Gene Flow

Answer 23

Movement of an individual of alleles into or out of a population (changes the gene pool) migration

Question 24

Natural Selection

Answer 24

Favorable inherited adaptations/ traits that increase survival, reproduction, and viable offspring (survival of the fittest)

Question 25

Artificial Selection

Answer 25

People chose favorable traits

Question 26

Speciation

Answer 26

New species arise from a common ancestor

Question 27

Allopatric

Answer 27

Species split due to geographies

Question 28

Sympatric

Answer 28

Due to a differences in behavior or niche, but they live in the same area.

Question 29

Geographic Isolation

Answer 29

Seperated by large land masses or bodies of water (allopatric)

Question 30

Gametic/ Reproductive Isolation

Answer 30

Gametes can't fuse together, no fertilization

Question 31

Behavioral Isolation

Answer 31

Differences in mating calls, dances, rituals. (sympatric)

Question 32

Temporal Isolation

Answer 32

Separation due to time or seasonal activities (sympatric)

Question 33

Mechanical Isolation

Answer 33

Reproductive parts/organs are not compatible

Question 34

Ecological Isolation

Answer 34

Same area, different regions (sympatric/allopatric)

Question 35

Evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory

Answer 35

1. mitochondria and chloroplasts both have single-stranded, circular DNA, similar to bacterial DNA 2. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have ribosomes. 3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce independently 4. mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membrane.