unit 6 test Flashcards
developmental psychology
a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change
zygote
the fertilized egg; it enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo
embryo
the developing human organism from about a 2 weeks after fertilization through the 2nd month
fetus
the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
teratogens
chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo/fetus and can cause harm
fetal alchohol syndrome
physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by pregnant woman drinking
habituation
decreasing responsiveness with repeated exposure to a stimulus
maturation
biological growth processes that allow orderly changes in behavior
cognition
all the mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating
schema
an idea or model
assimilation
to add
accommodation
to change our understanding
sensorimotor
infants know the world mostly out of there sensory impressions
object permanence
the awareness that objects continue to exist even when not perceived
pre operational
2 to 6/7 years a child learns to use language but doesn’t yet comprehend mental operations
conservation
properties such as mass, volume, number remain the same despite changes in the form of objects
egocentrism
Childs difficulty taking another point of view
theory of mind
peoples ideas about their own and others mental states
concrete operational
7-11 years, children can think logically about events
formal operational
age 12, people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
scaffolding
a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking
ASD
a disorder that appears in childhood, deviancies, in communication, social interaction, fixed interests and repetitive behaviors `
stranger anxiety
the fear of strangers that infants commonly display
attachment
an emotional tie with another person
critical period
an optimal period when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development
imprinting
the process at which certain animals form strong attachments during early life
strange situation
a child is placed in an unfamiliar environment while the caregiver leaves than returns
secure attachment
responsive mothers children
insecure attachment
unresponsive mothers children
temperament
a persons innate and inborn characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
basic trust
a sense that the world is predictable and reliable
self concept
an understanding and assessment of who they are
sex
the biological influenced characteristics by which people define male and female
gender
the socially influenced characteristics by which people define boy, girl, man and women
agression
any physical/verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically/emotionally
regional aggression
an act of aggression intended to harm a persons relationship or social standing
role
a set of norms about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
gender role
a set of expected behaviors , attitudes, and traits for males/females
gender identity
our sense of being male, female, some combination of the 2 or nuetral
social learning theory
we learn social gender behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
gender typing
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
andronomy
a blend of male and female roles
transgender
a gender identity/expression different then their birth designated sex
adolescence
the transition period from childhood to adulthood extending from puberty to adulthood
puberty
the period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
identity
our sense of self
social identity
the we aspect of our self concept
emerging adulthood
a period from about age 18 to the mid twenties when in many western cultures are no longer adolescents but haven’t achieved full independence as adults
X chromosome
mother contributor to chromosome pair
Y chromosome
making a male testosterone the main mail hormone
primary sex characteristics
organs and extra genitalia that make sexual reproduction possible
secondary sex characteristics
boobs, wider hips, boys facial hair
supermarche
ejaculation
menarche
menstrual period
intersex
both sexual characteristics from unusual combinations of male and female chromosomes
AIDS
depletes immune system
sexual orientation
our enduring sexual attraction
Jean Piaget
studied children cognition
Lev Vygotsky
He believed that social interaction plays a critical role in children’s learning—a continuous process that is profoundly influenced by culture
Harry harlow
the monkeys
Konrad Lorenz
impriniting
may ainsowrth
secure attachment experiment
Eric Erickson
basic trust
carol Gilligan
relationship with females in western cultures
Kohlberg
preconventational, conventational, postconventational
