unit 6 (nonspecific innate immunity) Flashcards
population
a group of individual organisms belonging to the same species and limited to a certain geographic area
symbiosis
any interaction between different species within a community, may be beneficial, harmful, or have no effect on species involved
mutualism
symbiosis in which two species benefit from each other
commensalism
symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other is uneffected
parasitism
symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed
microbiome definition
refers to all prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms that are associated w/ a certain organism
human microbiome is composed of what types of microbiota
resident microbiota and transient microbiota
resident microbiota
consists of microorganisms that constantly live on our bodies
transient microbiota
consists of microbes that are only temporarily found in or on the body and may include pathogenic organisms
reservoir of infection
location where the microorganism normally resides and can be living or nonliving
zoonosis
a microbe that is normally found in an animal
zoonotic disease
any disease coming from transmission to humans
contact transmission types
direct and indirect
direct contact transmission types
person-to-person, vertical, horizontal, droplet
indirect contact transmission
fomites can become contaminated by pathogens from an infected individual or reservoir
person-to-person transmission
touching, kissing, sex, droplet sprays
vertical transmission
mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding
horizontal transmission
mucous membrane contact, possibly skin-to-skin
droplet transmission
transmission of pathogen to new host over one meter or less
vehicle transmission
refers to transmission of pathogens over air, food, and water
vector transmission types
diseases can be transmitted through a mechanical or biological vector
mechanical transmission
transmitted by a mechanical vector which is an animal that carries a pathogen from one host to another without being infected itself
biological transmission
disease transmitted biological vector that the pathogen reproduces in and transmits pathogen from one host to another
nonspecific innate immunity definition
multifaceted system of defenses that targets invading pathogens in a nonspecific manner