Unit 6 MCQ Flashcards
Sherman Silver Act
required the government to purchase 4.5 million ounces of silver every month to mint coins and to back paper currency.
Standard Oil Company
John D. Rockefeller’s company, formed in 1870, which came to symbolize the trusts and monopolies of the Gilded Age.
JP Morgan
a banker who financed the reorganization of railroads, insurance companies, and banks. Funded Edison’s business, and merged steel companies to make the United States Steel Corporation.
Gold Standard Act
Transferred ownership of all monetary gold in the United States to the US Treasury and prohibited the Treasury and financial institutions from redeeming dollars for gold.
Vertical Integration
An expansion strategy where a company takes control over one or more stages in the production or distribution of its products.
Horizontal Integration
the merger of two or more companies that occupy similar levels in the production supply chain
Interstate Commerce Act
addressed the problem of railroad monopolies by setting guidelines for how the railroads could do business.
Boss Tweed
A disgraced American politician who was convicted for stealing millions of dollars from New York City taxpayers through political corruption
Hull House
to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English.
Panic of 1893
a national economic crisis set off by the collapse of two of the country’s largest employers, the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and the National Cordage Company
Andrew Carneige
One of the captains of industry of 19th century America, Andrew Carnegie helped build the formidable American steel industry, a process that turned a poor young man into the richest man in the world.
John D. Rockefeller
He was the founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy.
Samuel Grompers
Samuel Gompers. is responsible for the formation of one of the first labor unions. The American Federation of Labor worked on getting people better hours and better wages. The formation of this triggered the formation of various others that would come later.
McKinley
The 25th president of the United States serving until his assassination six months into his second term. He led the U.S. to victory in the Spanish-American War, raised protective tariffs that promoted American industry, and maintain the gold standard.
Billion-Dollar Congress
named for its lavish spendings, gave pensions to Civil War veterans, increased government purchases on silver, and passed the McKinley Tariff Act of 1890. The McKinley Tariff Act raised tariffs yet again and brought more troubles to farmers.
Plessy v. Ferguson
U.S. Supreme Court decision supporting the legality of Jim Crow laws that permitted or required separate but equal facilities for blacks and whites
Election of 1880
James Garfield (Republican) defeated Winfield Hancock (Democrat) in the 1880 presidential election. Although Garfield comfortably won the Electoral College vote, he won the popular vote by less than 10,000 votes.
Omaha Platform
political agenda adopted by the populist party in 1892 at their Omaha, Nebraska convention. Called for unlimited coinage of silver (bimetallism), government regulation of railroads and industry, graduated income tax, and a number of election reforms.
Populist Party
the People’s party or the Farmers’ party. It was a political group that gained much support from farmers who turned to them to fight political unfairness.
Grangers
The Granger movement was founded in 1867, by Oliver Hudson Kelley. Its original intent was to bring farmers together to discuss agricultural styles, in an attempt to correct widespread costly and inefficient methods. Kelley promoted his movement all over the country, but it only caught on in the West.
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Acts were a set of laws that barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens. They were passed in 1882, renewed in 1892, and then made permanent in 1902, but were repealed in 1943.
Tammany Hall
Tammany Hall was powerful New York political organization. It drew support from immigrants. The immigrants relied on Tammany Hall patronage, particularly for social services. In return, they asked for ppl’s votes on election day.
Sherman Anti Trust
authorized the federal government to institute proceedings against trusts in order to dissolve them
Morrill Act
made it possible for states to establish public colleges funded by the development or sale of associated federal land grants.
Social Darwinism
the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better
Dawes Act
An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to individual households
Knights of Labor
a secret society of garnet workers in Philadelphia, but emerged as a national movement by 1878
Pendleton Act
provided that federal government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and that government employees be selected through competitive exams
Political Machines
a party organization that recruits its members by the use of tangible incentives—money, political jobs—and that is characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity.
Nativism
the belief that native-born Americans are superior to foreigners
Social Gospel
the religious wing of the progressive movement which had the aim of combating injustice, suffering and poverty in society.
Sitting Bull
political and spiritual leader of the Sioux warriors who destroyed General George Armstrong Custer’s force in the famous battle of Little Big Horn
Social Darwinism
The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
Coxey’s Army
a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey.
Louis Sullivan
an American architect who used steel frames to design skyscrapers. He was also the founder of what is now the Chicago School of Architects.
Jane Addams
a middle-class woman dedicated to uplifting the urban masses
Patronage
A system, prevalent during the Gilded Age, in which political parties granted jobs and favors to party regulars who delivered votes on election day.
Hi!
Bye!
Gospel of Wealth
Carnegie argued that extremely wealthy Americans like himself had a responsibility to spend their money in order to benefit the greater good.
Glidden
invented the barbed wire; and was used against trespassing cattle.
Tenements/Slums
poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived;
sanitation
the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces.
skyscrapers
Tall steel framed buildings that began in America
Time Zones
Due to this lack of time standardization, railroad schedules on the same tracks often could not be coordinated, resulting in collisions
Railroads
By providing cheaper and faster freight delivery, the railroads helped create a new national market. While the completion of the transcontinental railroad paved the way for exponential growth in the population and economy of the West and the nation, it also caused significant harm to many people.
Buffalo
The buffalo were very important to the Native economies. They provided them with food, clothing, shelter, fuel, knives, arrow heads, and bow strings. Much of their life was based upon the buffalo.
Refridgerated Cars
provided a new way to transport raw goods and materials and creating a way for them to last longer
Migrants
a person who moves away from his or her place of usual residence, whether within a country or across an international border, temporarily or permanently, and for a variety of reasons
Suburbs
a community that is next to or close to a city. rural. far from the city with open space and might have farms
Subways/trolleys
Boston built the first subway in the United States in 1897. The trolley car was invented in 1834 by Thomas Davenport, “built a tiny electric motor on wheels that propelled itself around a little track, like the engine of a toy train.”
