Unit 6 - Human Systems

Question 1

appendicular skeleton

Answer 1

bones that make up the “appendages” (arms & legs) and the bones that support the arms & legs (shoulder and pelvis)

Question 2

axial skeleton

Answer 2

bones that make up the head and neck and core (ribs, sternum, cranium)

Question 3

smooth muscle

Answer 3

involuntary muscle that lines the organs

Question 4

cardiac muscle

Answer 4

involuntary muscle that makes up the heart

Question 5

skeletal muscle

Answer 5

voluntary muscle that is attached to the bones

Question 6

tendon

Answer 6

connects bone to muscle

Question 7

ligament

Answer 7

connects bone to bone

Question 8

systemic circulation

Answer 8

blood is pumped throughout the body

Question 9

pulmonary circulation

Answer 9

blood pumped from heart to lungs

Question 10

dorsal

Answer 10

toward the back of an organism; used in dissection

Question 11

anterior

Answer 11

towards the head of the an organism

Question 12

posterior

Answer 12

towards the bottom/rear of an organism

Question 13

ventral

Answer 13

towards the abdomen/stomach of an organism

Question 14

peristalsis

Answer 14

involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive system

Question 15

endocrine gland

Answer 15

gland that releases substances/hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 16

exocrine gland

Answer 16

gland that releases substances/hormones through ducts to the organs

Question 17

gallbladder

Answer 17

organ near the liver that stores bile

Question 18

vaccination

Answer 18

injection of a weakened or dead virus to stimulate the immune system

Question 19

antibiotic

Answer 19

drug or natural substance that can attach and destroy certain microorganisms

Question 20

pathogen

Answer 20

a disease producing agent

Question 21

nitrogen fixation

Answer 21

nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into a from useful for living things by bacteria located at the roots of plants

Question 22

saprobe

Answer 22

type of organism (like a bacteria) that lives off the nutrients of dead material
AKA decomposer

Question 23

endospore

Answer 23

bacterium forms this by producing a thick internal wall that encloses DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm

Question 24

conjugation

Answer 24

form of sexual reproduction in bacteria and process that involves an exchange of genetic information

Question 25

binary fission

Answer 25

asexual reproduction in bacteria

Question 26

facultative anaerobe

Answer 26

organism that can survive with or without oxygen

Question 27

capsid

Answer 27

protein coat that protects nucleic acid in a virus

Question 28

obligate anaerobe

Answer 28

organism that lives only without oxygen

Question 29

inflammatory response

Answer 29

a reaction of the immune system to help the body; example is a fever or swelling

Question 30

obligate aerobe

Answer 30

organism that must have a constant supply of oxygen

Question 31

Koch's Postulates

Answer 31

Koch was a scientist that came up with a set of criteria that established that a particular agent causes a disease

Question 32

T-cells

Answer 32

HIV factory; type of blood cell that HIV destroys

Question 33

viroid

Answer 33

noncellular particle that is made up of a single strand of RNA that causes diseases in plants; lacks a protein coat

Question 34

virus

Answer 34

noncellular particle made up of genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a protein that can invade living cells

Question 35

prion

Answer 35

noncellular particle made up of only a protein (no genetic material); only causes diseases in animals

Question 36

coccus

Answer 36

spherical shaped bacteria

Question 37

bacillus

Answer 37

rod shaped bacteria

Question 38

antigen

Answer 38

a foreign molecule that elicits an immune response

Question 39

antibody

Answer 39

protein that reacts with a foreign substance

Question 40

prophage

Answer 40

viral DNA attached to a bacterial chromosome

Question 41

lysogenic cycle

Answer 41

process in which viral DNA is inserted into the DNA of a host cell where it can remain for many generations before becoming active

Question 42

lytic cycle

Answer 42

process in which a host cell is invaded, lysed, and destroyed by a virus

Question 43

bacteriophage

Answer 43

virus that invades bacteria

Question 44

spirillum

Answer 44

spiral shaped bacteria

Question 45

negative feedback

Answer 45

process when your body needs to slow down or stop your systems from something that is happening. EX. sweating.... your body's reaction to your body temperature rising; regulating blood sugar (insulin)

Question 46

positive feedback

Answer 46

process when your body amplifies the action of a system. EX. child birth or blood clotting