Unit 1B- Cellular Transport, Photsyn & Respiration

Question 1

Glycolysis

Answer 1

anaerobic process in which glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid

Question 2

fermentation

Answer 2

anaerobic process in which either lactic acid or alcohol is produced

Question 3

Krebs cycle

Answer 3

process in aerobic respiration that takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria; 2 ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2 are produced; AKA citric acid cycle

Question 4

chlorophyll

Answer 4

green pigment that captures the suns energy

Question 5

stroma

Answer 5

fluid portion of the chlorplast

Question 6

light dependent reactions

Answer 6

AKA light reactions; reactions in photosynthesis that split a molecule of water into H+ and oxygen; takes place on the thylakoid membrane

Question 7

light independent reactions

Answer 7

AKA dark reactions and Calvin cycle; reactions in photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide enters and makes glucose; takes place in the stroma

Question 8

ATP synthase

Answer 8

enzyme used in making ATP

Question 9

electron transport chain

Answer 9

process in aerobic respiration that hydrogen ions give up their electrons to help build ATP; takes place on the cristae of the mitochondria; produces 32 ATP

Question 10

photosystem

Answer 10

light collecting unit of the chloroplast

Question 11

thylakoid membrane

Answer 11

part of the chloroplast where the light reactions take place

Question 12

active transport

Answer 12

transport of materials across a membrane from low to high; requires energy (ATP); examples - endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 13

passive transport

Answer 13

transport of material across a membrane from high to low; does not require energy; examples- diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

Question 14

lipid bilayer

Answer 14

main component of the plasma (cell) membrane

Question 15

cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 15

movement of the cytoplasm within a cell

Question 16

endocytosis

Answer 16

type of active transport; moving materials into the cell from low to high; examples- pinocytosis and phagocytosis

Question 17

exocytosis

Answer 17

type of active transport; moving materials out of the cell from low to high; examples - hormones or waste leaving the cell

Question 18

phagocytosis

Answer 18

type of endocytosis; moving food/large particles into the cell from low concentration to high concentration

Question 19

pinocytosis

Answer 19

type of endocytosis; moving water/liquid into the cell from low to high concentration

Question 20

isotonic solution

Answer 20

dynamic equilibrium is established immediately; the concentration of solutes is equal on both sides of the cell; the cell stays the same; good for animal cells

Question 21

hypertonic solution

Answer 21

concentration of solutes is higher on the outside than on the inside of the cell; the cell will shrink; causes plasmolysis in plant cells- bad for both plant/animal cells

Question 22

hypotonic solution

Answer 22

concentration of solutes is lower on the outside than on the inside of the cell; the cell will swell - animals cells lyse/plant cells create turgor pressure - good for plant cells bad for animal cells