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PreAP Biology-Walters > Unit 1A- Biomolecules, Cells > Flashcards

Unit 1A- Biomolecules, Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Homeostasis

A

Internal stable environment

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2
Q

pH scale

A

System of measurement that measure the concentration of H+

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3
Q

Proton

A

Positive charged particle in an atom, found in the nucleus

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4
Q

Carbohydrate

A

ex. is a sugar; Made up of C, H, and O with the H and O in a 2:1 ratio; made up of monosaccharides

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5
Q

Acid

A

compound that releases H+; 0-6 on a pH scale

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6
Q

Lipid

A

example is a fat, oil, wax; made up of C,H, and O with the H O being in a much greater ratio than 2:1 ; made up of fatty acids and a glycerol molecule

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7
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

example is DNA/RNA; made up of C,H,O,N, P; large complex molecule made up of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base

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8
Q

Protein

A

made up of amino acids; C,H,O,N; examples is muscle, enzymes

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9
Q

Solvent

A

Substance that dissolves another

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10
Q

Independent Variable

A

Variable that is intentionally changed or manipulated in an experiment

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11
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Variable in an experiment that is observed or responds to the change

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12
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Single sugar molecule; monomer of a carbohydrate

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13
Q

Disaccharide

A

Double sugar molecule

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14
Q

Base

A

AKA alkaline; compound that releases OH- ; 8-14 on the pH scale

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15
Q

Neutral

A

OH- and H+ ions are equal; 7 on the pH scale

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16
Q

Neutron

A

particle in the nucleus of an atom that does not have a charge

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17
Q

Spontaneous Generation

A

example- flies come from meat; living things come from nonliving things; disproved partly by Redi & and totally by Pasteur

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18
Q

Biogenesis

A

living things come from other living things

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19
Q

Enzyme

A

a protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy

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20
Q

Polysaccharide

A

many sugared molecule

21
Q

Solution

A

Mixture of 2 or more substances in which they are evenly distributed

22
Q

Theory

A

Based on scientific fact but hasn’t been proven

23
Q

Ribonucleic Acid

A

RNA; contains ribose sugar

24
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

A

DNA; contains deoxyribose sugar

25
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged particle located outside of the nucleus of an atom

26
Q

Ion

A

Atom that gains or loses electrons

27
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Process by which atoms combine by sharing electrons

28
Q

Ionic Bond

A

Process by which atoms combine by transferring electrons

29
Q

Atom

A

Basic unit of matter

30
Q

Metabolism

A

All of the chemical reactions that take place in the body

31
Q

Buffer

A

A weak acid or base that prevents sudden increases or decreases in pH

32
Q

Nucleotide

A

monomer of a nucleic acid; made up of a sugar, phosphate and a nitrogen base

33
Q

Amino Acid

A

Monomer of a protein

34
Q

Catalyst

A

Any molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction

35
Q

Substrate

A

The reactant that an enzyme bonds with and acts upon; example - hydrogen peroxide

36
Q

Isotope

A

An atom that has the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons

37
Q

Control Group

A

Variable that is not changed in an experiment; most natural setting/environment

38
Q

Evolution

A

Organisms change over time

39
Q

Biology

A

Study of life

40
Q

Stimulus

A

Something that causes a physiological or psychological response

41
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

Offspring arise from a single parent

42
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

Offspring arise from two parents

43
Q

Hypothesis

A

Proposed explanation for a phenomenon

44
Q

Data

A

A body of facts; information

45
Q

Science

A

Systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation

46
Q

Molecule

A

Any very small particle

47
Q

Compound

A

Composed of two or more elements

48
Q

Element

A

Cannot be separated into simpler substances

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