UNIT 6- Decision Making, Time and Change Management

Question 1

The golden rules for decision making

Answer 1

1. First rule: be responsible with your academic responsibilities
2. Second rule: be social (have social life and interact well)
3. Third rule: make good decisions
4. Fourth rule: think and act (in bad situations, take good decisions)
5. Fifth rule: ask for advice whenever you need it
6. Sixth rule: observe other people how they take decisions
7. Seventh rule: the best are the most responsible ones

Question 2

7 steps to effective decision making

Answer 2

1. Identify the decision
2. Gather information
3. Identify alternatives
4. Weigh the evidence
5. Choose among alternatives
6. Take action
7. Review your decision

Question 3

Time management definition

Answer 3

Process of organizing and planning how to divide your time between specific activities.

Question 4

Benefits of good time management

Answer 4

• Greater productivity and efficiency.
• A better professional reputation.
• Less stress.
• Increased opportunities for advancement.
• Greater opportunities to achieve important life and career goals.

Question 5

Tips for time management

Answer 5

• Create a daily plan.
• Use a calendar.
• Use an organizer.
• Know your deadlines.
• Learn to say “No”

Question 6

4 change management principles

Answer 6

1. Understand change
2. Plan change
3. Implement change
4. Communicate change

Question 7

Kotter´s 8-step Change Model

Answer 7

Developed by extracting success factors and combining them into a methodology.

Three phases:
- create a climate for change
- engang and enable the organization
- implement and sustain

Question 8

The 8 steps of the Kotter model

Answer 8

1-3 Create climate for change

1. Create urgency
2. Build a Coalition
3. Create a Vision

4-6 Engage and Enable the Organization

4. Communicate the Vision
5. Empower Others
6. Create Quick Wins

7-8 Implement and Sustain

7. Build on the change
8. Embed the change

Question 9

Individual resistance to change

Answer 9

• Difficulties in changing habits and routine
• Insecurity and fear of the unknown.
• Profit-loss ratio
• Selective processing of information.

Question 10

Organizations resistance to change

Answer 10

• Structural inertia
• Limited focus
• Inertia
• Lacking personal competences to cope with the demands of change.
• Established power relations.
• Established allocation of resources.

Question 11

Time management techniques

Answer 11

1. Knowing the time wasters
2. Focus on personal productivity
3. Look to the present, don’t stay in the past
4. Write a daily schedule
5. Prioritize
6. Break apart your day into 10 minute blocks of time