UNIT 2- communication and interpersonal skills Flashcards
Berlo´s Model of Communication
Source – (encodes)–> Message –> Channel –(decodes)–> Receiver
Source: communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system, culture
Message: content, elements, treatment, structure, code
Channel: hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, tasting
Receiver: communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system, culture (same as Source)
Factors of the Berlo´s model
Source: Situated where the message originates
Encoder: The sender of the message, from where the message originates, is referred to as the encoder
Code: The code of the message refers to the means through which it is sent and in what form. It could be, for example, language, body language, gestures, music, etc. Even culture is a code.
Channel: It refers to the five sense organs in the Berlo,s Model. In other models will be on line/ of line pe.
Decoder: The person who receives the message and decodes it is referred to a decoder.
Receiver: The receiver needs to think all the contents and elements of the source, so as to communicate/responds to sender effectively.;
Berlo’s model believes that for effective communication to take place, the source and the receiver need to be on the same level.
The communication process
Source–> Encoding–> Channel–> Receiving–> Feedback
Planning your communication
- What do you want to say?- message
- Why are you communicating?- objective
- With whom are you communicating?- audience
- What do they need to know?
- How will you send the message?- channels
- Seek feedback on how well your message was received.
- Before I communicate, I think about what the person needs to know, and how best to convey it.
- I try to anticipate and predict possible causes of confusion, and I deal with them up front.
Creating a clear, well-crafted message
- Understand what you truly want to say.
- Anticipate reactions to your message.
- Choose words and body language that allow hear what you’re saying.
- Check also for tone, attitude, nuance…
¡ If you think the message may be misunderstood, it probably will. Take the time to clarify it!
Choosing the right channel
- The sensitivity and emotional content of the subject.
- How easy it is to communicate detail.
- The receiver’s preferences.
- Time constraints.
- The need to ask and answer questions.
Receiving and interpreting a message
- Look at the person.
- Pay attention to his or her body language.
- Avoid distractions.
- Nod and smile to acknowledge points.
- Occasionally think back about what the person has said.
- Allow the person to speak, without thinking about what you’ll say next.
- Don’t interrupt.
– Empathic listening also help
Feedback (Verbal and non verbal)
- Defensiveness or Agreement.
- Comprehension (or lack of understanding).
- Level of interest & engagement with the message.
- Truthfulness (or lying/dishonesty).
5 types of communication styles
- assertive communication style
- aggressive communication style
- passive communication style
- passive-aggressive communication style
- manipulative communication style
How your communication type can affect your message
- analytical
- intuitive
- functional
- personal
Communication elements
Professor Lair Ribeiro, PhD author of the book ‘The power of communication’ says that it has three components of human influence:
The words said (7%)
The tone of the voice (38%)
The specific body language (55%)
10 Barriers to effective communication
- PhysicalBarriers- inadequate equipment
- Attitudes- strong emotions can taint your objectivity, emotional noise
- Language- it can even be within the same language
- Physiological Barriers- ill health, hearing difficulties, poor eyesight ++
- Problems with Constructional Design- bad information systems, lack of supervision, lack of employee training
- Cultural Noise- make assumption about others based on their cultural background and associated stereotypes
- Lack of Common Experiences- the use of examples were u have no common experience can be ineffective
- Ambiguity & Overuse of Abstractions- leaving things half said or using to many generalizations can lead to lack of clarity
- Information Overload- too many details can overwhelm
- Jumping to Conclusions- making assumptions before listening to all the facts
8 steps to create an effective presentation
- Identify the objectives
- Analyze the audience your are targeting
- Structure your presentation
- Prepare how to start
- Develop the ideas
- Involve your audience
- Close your presentation
- Rehearse
Analyze the audience your are targeting
- Number of people Needs
- Objectives and values
- Mandatory or voluntary attendance
- Attitude towards the message and
expectations - Age, Professional level
- Prior knowledge on the subject.
- Culture and work style.
- Jargon and terminology they use….
Attract attention from the beginning- prepare how to start
- Attract attention
- Get the audience participate from the beginning
