Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization Flashcards
Imperialism
Expanding a countries influence and power into other territories
How did the Industrial Revolution cause “New Imperialism”?
𝐄𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: Need for raw materials and new markets for industry
𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬: Brought steam-powered technology and transportation that allowed for communication and transport over large distances
Difference between new and old imperialism
Old Imperialism - Based on mercantilism with government involvement
New Imperialism - Based on capitalism to find raw materials like palm oil for industry
Spheres of Influence
Areas in China where Imperialist nation had trading privileges. These privileges allowed European powers to exploit China’s resources and markets. They established their own banks, railways, and industries within their spheres, like a monopoly on economic power.
Boer Wars
When British took over the Dutch in Cape Colony, they conflicted with the Afrikaners (Dutch) and natives (Zulu kingdom). These wars over land were the Boer wars, eventually forced Afrikaners and Zulu into concentration camps while Britain got Cape Colony.
Manifest Destiny
United States “right” to expand westward, which idea justified imperialism to the West.
Sino-Japanese war
War between Japan and China to gain influence over Korea
Social Darwinism
Natural selection in society; fittest species were the ones that survived which proved the West to be superior (ex. whites had larger skulls)
Suez Canal
Canal built by British in Egypt as a faster trade route to Asia instead of going around Africa
Settler Colony
Colony when people from the imperial nation live in
Penal Colony
Colony in which criminals are sent from the imperial nation to do labor
King Leopold II
King of Belgium that personally owned Congo and economically exploited by keeping Congos profits, terrible working conditions, and later forcing Congo under Belgium rule.
Taiping Rebellion
Workers and other lowerclassmen attempted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty; internal conflict in China that caused spheres of influence
Boxer Rebellion
Anti-imperialist social group in China that attacked foreigners and Chinese Christians
Monroe Doctrine
Warning by United States to European powers not to interfere/imperialize America
Where are nations imperializing?
𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧:
- West Africa
- Cape Colony (South Africa)
- India
- Australia + New Zealand
- Egypt
𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞:
- North Africa (Algeria)
𝐁𝐞𝐥𝐠𝐢𝐮𝐦
- Congo
𝐈𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐲 & 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲:
- Africa
𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐧:
- Chile/Peru
- Africa
𝐉𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐧:
- Korea
𝐑𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐚:
- Eastern Europe like Finland & border countries
- Central Asia like Armenia & Georgia
- Alaska
𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬:
- Westward expansion
- Philippines, Puerto rico, Cuba
- Hawaii
*Note most power had spheres of Influence in China
Causes of Imperialism
- 𝐈𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐬
- White mans burden
- Social Darwinism
- Civilizing mission
- Religion
- 𝐄𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐬
- New raw materials + new markets
- 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐦 - Spread identity by imperializing
What was new imperialism at the end of the 1900s?
New Imperialism in the Industrial Revolution involved capitalism rather than old mercantilism policies, so corporations and companies were involved with little government involvement in facilitating the global economy. Capitalism was the motivator.
Ex. British East Indian Company & Dutch East India company.
What was Europe’s relationship with Africa prior to imperialism?
Europe and Africa were previously involved in the Transatlantic slave trade, where Europe traded weapons for slaves sent to America.
European presence was specifically limited in Africa at first. Why did this change?
It was limited because of treaties with African rulers that benefited both sides in trade and maintained peace. As competition grew in Africa, Europeans violated these treaties and took over by military force.
What was the significance of the Suez Canal?
The suez canal meant Europeans didn’t have to go around Africa to trade with Asia, but just in Egypt, allowing much faster maritime trade in between Europe and Asia.
What were three things Britain was bringing to it’s colonies?
- Western Education
- Western Medicine
- Christianity
- How does Britain expand its empire in West Africa?
Britian used diplomacy and warfare to expand its empire into West Africa. Previously, Britian had signed treaties with African rulers that maintained peace and trade, but Britain violated these as imperial competition grew in Africa, leading to Britian taking over parts of West Africa with military force.
How did the French use Algeria?
Took over Algeria from Ottomans and established it as a settler colony, attracting many European immigrants.
Scramble for Africa
Competition between European powers to colonize Africa
Berlin Conference
Conference between European leaders that divided up Africa between each nation to prevent conflict. Because African leaders were left out, borders divided long-unified groups and unified rival groups, leading to current-day conflict.
How was China imperialized differently than other colonies?
European countries economically imperialized China while they had internal challenges. This created Sphere’s of Influence, areas where each European power had large influence over the economy with special trading rights.
What were the internal problems within China during imperialism?
- Taiping Rebellion
- Agriculture devastation
- Bubonic Plague
- Boxer Rebellion
Imperialism in Southeast Asia (search up map)
𝐃𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐡: Dutch East India Company replaced Portugal in spice trade, setting up trading posts. Dutch government took control of the land, producing cash crops.
𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡: Took control over Vietnam and Cambodia, producing cash crops
𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐡: Founded port of Singapore, producing cash crops like palm oil and large amounts of rubber.
𝐒𝐢𝐚𝐦: Modernizing reforms like Japan, industrializing and forming a western-style society
Great Game
Conflict between Russia and Britain for Afghanistan
How did the US imperialize American lands?
The US forced Natives to relocate to a designated Indian Territory in Oklahoma, this dangerous relocation know as the Trail of Tears.
Balkan Nationalism Movements
Balkans emerged nationalism movements within the Balkan ethnicity, inspired by the French revolution. Examples of nations freed from the Ottomans are Greece, Serbia, and Bugaria.
Pan-Africanism
Western-educated Africans developed nationalism
Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement
Native South Africans fought Britain and there cattle died off from European cattle diseases. Xhosa killed the rest of there cattle thinking there spirits would drive the Europeans out in the Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement; LOST
Outcomes of African resistance
𝐀𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐨-𝐙𝐮𝐥𝐮 𝐖𝐚𝐫: Zulu’s LOST- British won
𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐢 𝐓𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐞’𝐬 𝐖𝐚𝐫: Samory Toure LOST- French won
𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐭: Sudanese won at first; LOST later- British won
𝐘𝐚𝐚 𝐀𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐰𝐚𝐚 𝐖𝐚𝐫: Asante LOST- British won
What three factors drove economic imperialism?
- 𝐑𝐚𝐰 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐬 - Colonies provided the raw materials factories needed to produce goods
- 𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭𝐬 - People in colonies were potential consumers of goods
- 𝐅𝐨𝐨𝐝 - Increased population increased demand for food. To keep up with demand, colonies would grow and provide crops/livestock
Benefits of Railroads in colonies
- Lower cost of Shipping (ancient amazon shipping)
- Opened colonial markets
How did the Cherokee assimilate to white settler culture?
They adopted a Western-style society including adopting similar agriculture and architecture and making a new language. Even so, they were negatively impacted when 𝐠𝐨𝐥𝐝 was discovered on there land so Americans forced them into Oklahoma by passing the 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐜𝐭.
Ghost Dance
A prophet that said there ancestors spirits would drive the white people off there native land. The natives did dance rituals to “hasten” the event.
Proclamation of 1763
It gave the French land won by the British in the French & Indian war, to the Natives. Colonists disagreed and fought Britain for these new lands.
Sepoys
Troops of Indians that fought for the British expansion into India
