Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization Flashcards
Imperialism
Expanding a countries influence and power into other territories
How did the Industrial Revolution cause โNew Imperialismโ?
๐๐๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ฆ๐ข๐ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ: Need for raw materials and new markets for industry
๐๐๐๐ก๐ง๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐๐๐ฅ ๐๐๐ฏ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฌ: Brought steam-powered technology and transportation that allowed for communication and transport over large distances
Difference between new and old imperialism
Old Imperialism - Based on mercantilism with government involvement
New Imperialism - Based on capitalism to find raw materials like palm oil for industry
Spheres of Influence
Areas in China where Imperialist nation had trading privileges. These privileges allowed European powers to exploit Chinaโs resources and markets. They established their own banks, railways, and industries within their spheres, like a monopoly on economic power.
Boer Wars
When British took over the Dutch in Cape Colony, they conflicted with the Afrikaners (Dutch) and natives (Zulu kingdom). These wars over land were the Boer wars, eventually forced Afrikaners and Zulu into concentration camps while Britain got Cape Colony.
Manifest Destiny
United States โrightโ to expand westward, which idea justified imperialism to the West.
Sino-Japanese war
War between Japan and China to gain influence over Korea
Social Darwinism
Natural selection in society; fittest species were the ones that survived which proved the West to be superior (ex. whites had larger skulls)
Suez Canal
Canal built by British in Egypt as a faster trade route to Asia instead of going around Africa
Settler Colony
Colony when people from the imperial nation live in
Penal Colony
Colony in which criminals are sent from the imperial nation to do labor
King Leopold II
King of Belgium that personally owned Congo and economically exploited by keeping Congos profits, terrible working conditions, and later forcing Congo under Belgium rule.
Taiping Rebellion
Workers and other lowerclassmen attempted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty; internal conflict in China that caused spheres of influence
Boxer Rebellion
Anti-imperialist social group in China that attacked foreigners and Chinese Christians
Monroe Doctrine
Warning by United States to European powers not to interfere/imperialize America
Where are nations imperializing?
๐๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐๐ข๐ง:
- West Africa
- Cape Colony (South Africa)
- India
- Australia + New Zealand
- Egypt
๐
๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐:
- North Africa (Algeria)
๐๐๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐ฎ๐ฆ
- Congo
๐๐ญ๐๐ฅ๐ฒ & ๐๐๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ฒ:
- Africa
๐๐ฉ๐๐ข๐ง:
- Chile/Peru
- Africa
๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ง:
- Korea
๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐:
- Eastern Europe like Finland & border countries
- Central Asia like Armenia & Georgia
- Alaska
๐๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐๐ ๐๐ญ๐๐ญ๐๐ฌ:
- Westward expansion
- Philippines, Puerto rico, Cuba
- Hawaii
*Note most power had spheres of Influence in China
Causes of Imperialism
- ๐๐๐๐๐ฌ
- White mans burden
- Social Darwinism
- Civilizing mission
- Religion
- ๐๐๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ฆ๐ข๐๐ฌ
- New raw materials + new markets
- ๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ - Spread identity by imperializing
What was new imperialism at the end of the 1900s?
New Imperialism in the Industrial Revolution involved capitalism rather than old mercantilism policies, so corporations and companies were involved with little government involvement in facilitating the global economy. Capitalism was the motivator.
Ex. British East Indian Company & Dutch East India company.
What was Europeโs relationship with Africa prior to imperialism?
Europe and Africa were previously involved in the Transatlantic slave trade, where Europe traded weapons for slaves sent to America.
European presence was specifically limited in Africa at first. Why did this change?
It was limited because of treaties with African rulers that benefited both sides in trade and maintained peace. As competition grew in Africa, Europeans violated these treaties and took over by military force.
What was the significance of the Suez Canal?
The suez canal meant Europeans didnโt have to go around Africa to trade with Asia, but just in Egypt, allowing much faster maritime trade in between Europe and Asia.
What were three things Britain was bringing to itโs colonies?
- Western Education
- Western Medicine
- Christianity
- How does Britain expand its empire in West Africa?
Britian used diplomacy and warfare to expand its empire into West Africa. Previously, Britian had signed treaties with African rulers that maintained peace and trade, but Britain violated these as imperial competition grew in Africa, leading to Britian taking over parts of West Africa with military force.
How did the French use Algeria?
Took over Algeria from Ottomans and established it as a settler colony, attracting many European immigrants.
Scramble for Africa
Competition between European powers to colonize Africa
Berlin Conference
Conference between European leaders that divided up Africa between each nation to prevent conflict. Because African leaders were left out, borders divided long-unified groups and unified rival groups, leading to current-day conflict.
How was China imperialized differently than other colonies?
European countries economically imperialized China while they had internal challenges. This created Sphereโs of Influence, areas where each European power had large influence over the economy with special trading rights.
What were the internal problems within China during imperialism?
- Taiping Rebellion
- Agriculture devastation
- Bubonic Plague
- Boxer Rebellion
Imperialism in Southeast Asia (search up map)
๐๐ฎ๐ญ๐๐ก: Dutch East India Company replaced Portugal in spice trade, setting up trading posts. Dutch government took control of the land, producing cash crops.
๐ ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ก: Took control over Vietnam and Cambodia, producing cash crops
๐๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐ก: Founded port of Singapore, producing cash crops like palm oil and large amounts of rubber.
๐๐ข๐๐ฆ: Modernizing reforms like Japan, industrializing and forming a western-style society
Great Game
Conflict between Russia and Britain for Afghanistan
How did the US imperialize American lands?
The US forced Natives to relocate to a designated Indian Territory in Oklahoma, this dangerous relocation know as the Trail of Tears.
Balkan Nationalism Movements
Balkans emerged nationalism movements within the Balkan ethnicity, inspired by the French revolution. Examples of nations freed from the Ottomans are Greece, Serbia, and Bugaria.
Pan-Africanism
Western-educated Africans developed nationalism
Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement
Native South Africans fought Britain and there cattle died off from European cattle diseases. Xhosa killed the rest of there cattle thinking there spirits would drive the Europeans out in the Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement; LOST
Outcomes of African resistance
๐๐ง๐ ๐ฅ๐จ-๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ ๐๐๐ซ: Zuluโs LOST- British won
๐๐๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ๐ข ๐๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐โ๐ฌ ๐๐๐ซ: Samory Toure LOST- French won
๐๐๐ก๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ ๐๐๐ฏ๐จ๐ฅ๐ญ: Sudanese won at first; LOST later- British won
๐๐๐ ๐๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ฐ๐๐ ๐๐๐ซ: Asante LOST- British won
What three factors drove economic imperialism?
- ๐๐๐ฐ ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฅ๐ฌ - Colonies provided the raw materials factories needed to produce goods
- ๐๐๐ฐ ๐ฆ๐๐ซ๐ค๐๐ญ๐ฌ - People in colonies were potential consumers of goods
- ๐ ๐จ๐จ๐ - Increased population increased demand for food. To keep up with demand, colonies would grow and provide crops/livestock
Benefits of Railroads in colonies
- Lower cost of Shipping (ancient amazon shipping)
- Opened colonial markets
How did the Cherokee assimilate to white settler culture?
They adopted a Western-style society including adopting similar agriculture and architecture and making a new language. Even so, they were negatively impacted when ๐ ๐จ๐ฅ๐ was discovered on there land so Americans forced them into Oklahoma by passing the ๐๐ง๐๐ข๐๐ง ๐๐๐ฆ๐จ๐ฏ๐๐ฅ ๐๐๐ญ.
Ghost Dance
A prophet that said there ancestors spirits would drive the white people off there native land. The natives did dance rituals to โhastenโ the event.
Proclamation of 1763
It gave the French land won by the British in the French & Indian war, to the Natives. Colonists disagreed and fought Britain for these new lands.
Sepoys
Troops of Indians that fought for the British expansion into India
