Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization

Question 1

What did merchantilist policies lead to in the colonies?

Answer 1

Colonists had to purchase them because the colonial powers wouldn’t let the colonies trade with anyone else.

Question 2

What was one way Britain maintained its power and prosperity in this time period?

Answer 2

Britain solidified its economic influence around the world by creating transnational companies.

Question 3

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the environment?

Answer 3

The Industrial Revolution, in addition to creating pollution, began to have an impact on the environment by gobbling natural resources.

Question 4

What was the European justification for their rampant imperialism?

Answer 4

They viewed other cultures as uncivilized, hence why the slave trade and colonialism was justified (in their eyes) and carried on.

Question 5

What two main reasons led to Europeans becoming so cocky in this time period?

Answer 5

One: Social Darwinism arose, in which people used Darwin’s ideas of natural selection and “survival of the fittest” to claim Britian as most fit because it was most powerful
Second: Many Europeans believed that they were given the moral obligation to teach other people to be more civilized

Question 6

Why did Europeans really wanted to trade with India? What goods did they have?

Answer 6

Tea, sugar, silk, salt, and jute

Question 7

What in part allowed India to be invaded more easily?

Answer 7

By the early 18th century, the Mughal Empire was in decline; the loss of a central power allowed India to be invaded more easily

Question 8

What did the British East India Company do in India?

Answer 8

Surprisingly enough, this corporation rid the Indian subcontinent of the French and conquered the Bengal region; By the early 19th century, almost all of India was under British rule, including Sri Lanka; The company took advantage of the weakening Mughals

Question 9

Who did the East India Company rely on?

Answer 9

The Sepoys were Indian soldiers working for the British; For administering regions under its control, but the Sepoys rebelled

Question 10

When the British Parliament stepped in into India, what did they do?

Answer 10

They grabbed control of India from the British East India Company

Question 11

By 1877, who was recognized as the Empress of India?

Answer 11

Queen Victoria

Question 12

What were the consequences of British rule in India?

Answer 12

All of this came at the expense of Indian culture and institutions; Urbanization and industrialization occured here as trade with Britain occured

Question 13

What was the Indian National Congress?

Answer 13

You don’t need to know this term, but do note that some people started resistance acts

Question 14

What is opium, and what was the issue with it in China?

Answer 14

It was this drug that the British introduced to the Chinese, and it grew very popular in China…perhaps, too popular; as a result, the Manchu emperor issued an edict that banned opium use and sale

Question 15

What was the Opium War?

Answer 15

War that occured between Britain and China on opium trade; China was overwhelmed by the technologies of the British and ended up signing the first of the unequal treaties, in which Britain was able to trade more with China

Question 16

What was the result of the Second Opium War? (Also note that the Opium Wars occured in the mid-19th century)

Answer 16

It resulted in the opening of all of China to European trade.

Question 17

Was Britain concerned with establishing a colony in China?

Answer 17

In other words, Britain wasn’t really concerned with establishing a colony; they just wanted the resources

Question 18

What were the White Lotus Rebellions and the Taiping Rebellions?

Answer 18

Both are rebellions that occured against the Manchu government in the 19th century; it pretty much solidified Chinasy crumbling from the inside-out

Question 19

In the 1860s, China began to crumble. Explain briefly what was going on.

Answer 19

This passage pretty much just says that China began losing all its territory, including Vietnam and Korea; they lost to the Japanese and had to give them similar British trading rights

Question 20

Why were many European nations and neighboring countries establishing spheres of influence in China?

Answer 20

Because it was vulnerable, and it had prized resouces, so…

Question 21

Why did the United States pledge its support of the sovereignity of the Chinese government?

Answer 21

The nation really didn’t want to be shut out of trade in China, like they had been in Africa and India

Question 22

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

Answer 22

In which America did not accept Chinese laborers in their broders

Question 23

What was the Boxer Rebellion in China?

Answer 23

What pretty much happened was that a group in China known as the Boxers wanted the Europeans and Japanese out, so they attacked embassies and missionaries; the rebellion failed, and China had to financially compensate its foreign “rulers”

Question 24

Why did the rebellions target the Manchu government and not the European powers?

Answer 24

Because, technically speaking, they were still in authority; there just had been a lot of substantial European spheres of infleunce established

Question 25

What happened in early 20th century China? (SIS POPPED OFF)

Answer 25

The 2,000-year Imperial Examination System was ended, imperial rule came to an end, and a Chinese Republic was established

Question 26

What were the consequences of Japan being really against Westernization early on in this time period?

Answer 26

But, the issue with doing this is that they fell pretty far behind with the rest of the world; they weren’t as militarily and economically advanced as they liked to think, so when an American came to their shore with a steamboat, they were shocked; this led to treaties being signed in favor of the Westerners, and nationalists got mad, so they revolted

Question 27

What was the Meiji Restoration?

Answer 27

An era of Japanese Westernization, in order to keep up with the world; in the late 19th century, the Japanese were building steamboats and railways

Question 28

What happened in 1895 relating to Japanese expansion?

Answer 28

In 1895, Japan defeated China in a war for control of Korea and Taiwan.

Question 29

Did private corporations gain more power in the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 29

Yes.

Question 30

What did Africa become the center of in the Age of Exploration?

Answer 30

The slave trade

Question 31

What happened when the slave trade was abolished?

Answer 31

As Englightenment principles grew and grew; the slave trade itself was abolished but not actual slavery; but some former enslaved persons were able to emigrate to Liberia, where they made an independent nation

Question 32

When were gold and diamonds discovered in South Africa?

Answer 32

The 1860s and 1880s

Question 33

What was the Boer War (1899-1902)?

Answer 33

War fought between the British and the group of Dutch Africans (note that the Dutch arrived in Cape Town first); these Dutch Africans settled in a region in interior South Africa, where gold and diamonds were discovered

Question 34

Who was Muhammad Ali?

Answer 34

Pretty impressive guy; shut down Napoleon’s advances towards Egypt, and while the Egypt was still technically under the Ottomans, he had the power; he initiated industrialization of Egypt

Question 35

What was the Suez Canal?

Answer 35

Egyptian rulers partnered up with the French to build this; it was made to connect the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean so that travel around the Cape Town wasn’t needed; British came in and established spheres of influence because this meant they count more easily interact with India

Question 36

What was the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?

Answer 36

Just pretty much implies that European powers reallt wanted control of Africa; by the end of the 19th century, almost all of Africa was under European colonization

Question 37

How were African cultures interrupted by the Berlin Conference?

Answer 37

The boundaries established by the Berlin Conference did not account the cultures of Africa, so some tribes were spearated while others were unwillingly brought together; this heavily disrupted African culture

Question 38

What was the U.S. Policy?

Answer 38

America really did not want to be re-colonized, so they declared that the Western Hemisphere was entirely off the limits for European powers; they even went as far as to say that they would be intervening in financial disputes between Latin American and European nations to ensure their security

Question 39

What was the Spanish-American War of 1898?

Answer 39

Pretty much began as the U.S. backing up Cuba so that it may be granted independence; the U.S. destroyed the Spanish navy fleets and won the war, gainign control over multiple islands; declared America a superpower

Question 40

What were some changes in the role of women in this time period?

Answer 40

Women were still prohibited certain rights, especially to education and to vote; the Seneca Falls Convention happened in this time period