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Psych > Unit 6: Conditioning and Learning > Flashcards

Unit 6: Conditioning and Learning Flashcards

1
Q

The finding that no conditioning occurs to a stimulus if it combined with a previously conditioned stimulus during conditioning trials.

A

Blocking

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2
Q

Suggests that information, surprise value, or prediction error is important in conditioning

A

Blocking

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3
Q

To sort or arrange different items into classes or categories

A

Categorize

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4
Q

Procedure where neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus resulting in the conditioned stimulus beginning to elicit a conditioned response

A

Classical conditioning

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5
Q

In classical conditioning, a conditioned response that opposes, rather than is the same as the unconditioned response.

A

Conditioned compensatory response

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6
Q

often seen in conditioning when drugs are used as unconditional stimuli

A

Conditioned compensatory response

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7
Q

Response that is elicited by the conditioned stimulus after classical conditioning has taken place

A

Conditioned response (CR)

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8
Q

Initially neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response after it has been associated with an unconditioned stimulus

A

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

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9
Q

Stimuli that are in the background whenever learning occurs

A

Context

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10
Q

In operant conditioning it is a stimulus that signals whether the response will be reinforced. “sets the occasion” for the operant response

A

Discriminative stimulus

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11
Q

Learned behavior decreases when conditioned stimulus occurs and is presented without the unconditioned stimulus

A

Extinction (Classical conditioning)

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12
Q

When the behavior is no longer reinforced

A

Extinction (Instrumental conditioning)

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13
Q

Classical or Pavlovian conditioning where the conditioned stimulus (CS) is associated with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). ex: foot shock

A

Fear conditioning

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14
Q

Consequence of learning CS comes to evoke fear

A

Fear conditioning

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15
Q

Thought to be involved in the development of anxiety disorder in humans

A

Fear conditioning

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16
Q

CS

A

Conditioned Stimulus

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17
Q

Instrumental behavior that is influenced by the animals knowledge of the association between the behavior and its consequence and the current value of the consequence.

A

Goal-directed behavior

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18
Q

Instrumental behavior that occurs automatically in the presence of a stimulus and is no longer influenced by the animals knowledge of the value of the reinforcer

A

Habit

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19
Q

Process in which animals learn about the relationships between their behaviors and their consequences.

A

Instrumental conditioning

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20
Q

Also known as Operant Conditioning

A

Instrumental Conditioning

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21
Q

Idea that instrumental or operant responses are influenced by their effects.

A

Law of effect

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22
Q

Responses that are followed by a pleasant state of affairs will be strengthened and those that are followed by discomfort will be weakened

A

Law of effect

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23
Q

Refers to the idea that operant or instrumental behaviors are lawfully controlled by their consequences

A

Law of effect

24
Q

Learning by observing the behavior of others

A

Observational Learning

25
Q

A behavior that is controlled by its consequences.

A

Operant

26
Q

When the outcome of a conditioning trial is different from that which is predicted by the conditioned stimuli that are present on the trial

A

Prediction error

27
Q

When the US is surprising

A

Prediction Error

28
Q

Idea that organisms evolutionary history can make it easy to learn a particular association.

A

Preparedness

29
Q

A stimulus that decreases the strength of an operant behavior when it is made a consequence of the behavior

A

Punisher

30
Q

Mathematical rule that states the effectiveness of a reinforcer at strengthening an operant response depends on the amount of reinforcement earned for all alternative behaviors.

A

Quantitative law of effect

31
Q

Any consequence of a behavior that strengthens the behavior or increases the likelihood that it will be performed it again

A

Reinforcer

32
Q

Recovery of an extinguished response that occurs when the context is changed after extinction. Especially strong when the context involves return to the context in which conditioning originally occurred.

A

Renewal Effect

33
Q

Can occur after extinction in either classical or instrumental conditioning

A

Renewal Effect

34
Q

The theory that people can learn new responses and behaviors by observing the behavior of others

A

Social Learning Theory

35
Q

Authorities that are the targets for observation and who model behaviors

A

Social Models

36
Q

Recovery of an extinguished response that occurs with the passage of time after extinction.

A

Spontaneous recovery

37
Q

Can occur after extinction in either classical or instrumental conditioning

A

Spontaneous recovery

38
Q

When an operant behavior is controlled by a stimulus that precedes it

A

Stimulus Control

39
Q

The phenomenon in which a taste is paired with sickness and this causes the organism to reject and dislike that taste in the future

A

Taste aversion learning

40
Q

In classical conditioning, an innate response that is elicited by a stimulus before (or in the absence of) conditioning

A

Unconditioned Response (UR)

41
Q

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that elicits the response before conditioning occurs

A

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

42
Q

Learning that occurs by observing the reinforcement or punishment of another person

A

Vicarious reinforcement

43
Q

A reinforcer might not be particularly good at encouraging a behaviors if many other similar behaviors are also given similar rewards. This is the main point of the ___________ law of effect

A

Quantitative

44
Q

After their relationship ends, Mary is reminded of her ex constantly. Over time she stops associating everything she sees with her ex. This demonstrates ________

A

Extinction

45
Q

Effects that increase behaviors are called reinforcers; effects that decrease behaviors are called:

A

punishers

46
Q

In Ivan Pavlov’s original experiment, the __________ served as an unconditioned stimulus because it naturally elicited a response from the dogs.

A

Food

47
Q

In Pavlovian conditioning, a fundamental premise is that the only thing that a conditional stimulus can cause is a:

A

Conditioned Response

48
Q

Lilah chews mint bubble gum every day. After she gets the flu and feels sick she hates the taste of mint. This is an example of:

A

Taste Aversion Conditioning

49
Q

Rita watches Kalie constantly, often imitating her behaviors. Kalie serves as a _________ for Rita.

A

Social Model

50
Q

US

A

Unconditioned Stimulus

51
Q

CS

A

Conditioned Stimulus

52
Q

Training protocol that occurs after conditioning during which the US is no longer presented with the CS

A

A procedure (Extinction)

53
Q

CR

A

Conditioned Response

54
Q

Psychological orientation focused on the measurement of observable behavior rather than internal processes such as thoughts

A

Behaviorism

55
Q

Studied salivary responses in dogs

A

Dr. Ivan Pavlov

Psych (6 decks)

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