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AP World History > Unit 6 (chapters 28-32) > Flashcards

Unit 6 (chapters 28-32) Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the loyalists?

A

Colonists who were loyal to Britain

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2
Q

What was the Stamp Act?

A

A taxation on paper documents

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3
Q

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A

A protest where colonist threw tea chests in Boston Harbor because of the taxation on tea

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4
Q

Who were the patriots?

A

Colonists who were loyal to America

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5
Q

Why was the Battle of Saratoga important?

A

It was the first major American victory, it was the turning point in the war, it inspired the French to help America

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6
Q

What is a revolution?

A

A forcible overthrow of a government or social order

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7
Q

What was the Boston Massacre?

A

11 colonists were shot by a group of British soldiers

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8
Q

When did the “shot heard around the world” occur?

A

Beginning of the Battles of Lexington and Concord

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9
Q

Why did Common Sense make a big impact?

A

It was written so the average farmer could understand it

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10
Q

Why are the battles of Lexington and Concord important?

A

They were the first Battles of the American Revolution

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11
Q

What was the order of French leaders during the revolution?

A

King Lois XVI, Robespierre, Napoleon

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12
Q

Who was Adam Smith?

A

A Scottish philosopher who focused on economic affairs of supply and demand. Enlightenment thinking

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13
Q

Who was John Locke?

A

An Enlightenment thinker and English philosopher who focused on the natural law of politics and believed in a constitutional monarchy

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14
Q

Who was Baron de Montesquieu?

A

An Enlightenment thinker who believed in the separation of power and establishing a science of politics

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15
Q

Who was Voltaire?

A

An Enlightenment thinker who believed in individual freedom, no oppression, and had very liberal beliefs. He published many writings (first one being when he was 17)

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16
Q

What was popular sovereignty?

A

The principle that the authority of a state and it’s gov’t are created and sustained by the consent of it’s people, who are the source of all political power (power to the people)

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17
Q

Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?

A

An Enlightenment thinker who identified with the working class, and preached political equality

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18
Q

What were beliefs of Deists?

A

Existence of a god, but denied supernatural teachings of Christianity (such as Jesus’ virgin birth and resurrection)

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19
Q

What were Enlightenment values?

A

Freedom and equality, as well as popular sovereignty (which was broadened by the American Revolution when taxes were imposed [decreased “freedom” increased the want for it] as well as the declaration [increased popular sovereignty])

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20
Q

The rise of Napoleon

A

Was a military leader that rose to being emperor by being politically ambitious, overthrowing the Directory, and setting up a new gov’t (the Consulate)

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21
Q

Who led the Haitian Revolution?

A

Toussaint L’Ouveture

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22
Q

What was the result of the Haitian Revolution?

A

Haiti became independent. It was the only successful slave revolt

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23
Q

Who was Simon Bolivar?

A

French revolutionist who led the movement for independence

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24
Q

William Wilberforce

A

Leading spokesman for antislavery movement

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25
Nationalism
Identification with one's nation and support for it's interest
26
Congress of Vienna
attempted to restore pre-revolutionary order, failed because it was "impossible" to suppress popular sovereignty
27
What was the Industrial Revolution?
Factories and new methods for increased production of manufactured goods
28
Steam engine
Invented by James Watt, greater productivity, cheaper prices
29
Factory system
Complicated machinery, boosted economy, faster/cheaper, large-scale production, awful working conditions
30
Why did the Industrial Revolution happen in Britain?
Support from the investment capital
31
Standard Oil monopoly
Controlled almost all oil in America, enabled efficient operation, cost cutting, and ability to undersell competitors (cheaper for consumers)
32
Revolutionary medicines
Helped people live longer, vaccinations
33
City conditions
Gross, polluted, occupied with working class (poor)
34
Employment of women
Domestic services in middle-class households, and textile industry
35
Trade unions
advance toward equitable society, eliminate abuses of early industrial society and improve workers lives
36
Declaration Of Independence
America declaring it’s independence from Britain. “All men are created equal” (not “equal” yet)
37
Indian Removal Act
Move Native Americans for settlers to expand. Related terms: Trail of Tears. Manifest Destiny
38
Conflict between Native Americans and white settlers
Little Bighorn. Native Americans ultimately lost because they were not as advanced as the settlers
39
Manifest destiny
The divine right that white settlers were given for westward expansion across North America
40
Mexican-American War
U.S. accepted Texas as a state. America won, but many Mexicans were left stranded or stayed where they were and attained citizenship.
41
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ended the war, added to U.S. territory
42
Emancipation Proclamation
Issued by president Abraham Lincoln (abolitionist), freed slaves in the states that rebelled during the Civil War
43
Civil War (United States)
South vs. North, slavery, rebels (South), Abe Lincoln (abolitionist), Emancipation Proclamation
44
War of 1812
Sense of unity against an external threat. Impacted Canada (caused an era of growth), and anti-U.S. sentiments
45
John A. Macdonald
Prime minister of Canada, expanded by negotiating purchases
46
Latin American independence
Caudillos (military leaders) took leadership.
47
Development of Mexico
Affected/set back by rivalries between liberals and conservatives
48
Mexican Revolution
Land and liberty and ideals/aspirations of the masses (Zapata and Francisco Villa)
49
Immigration to the U.S.
Many people migrated from Asia, Europe, and Latin America for job opportunities (such as on railroads or in factories) as well as searching for financial well-being
50
Railroads
Economic developments (faster trade), job openings
51
Different economic development in Latin America than in Canada
Latin America didn’t undergo industrialization or the “enjoyment” of economic developments
52
How did the U.S. severe ties with Natives to their culture
Put them on plantations and forced them to assimilate
53
Canada’s conflicts with natives
A lot more gentle than U.S. approach
54
Northwest Rebellion
Failed rebellion in Canada because of threat of white settlement
55
Gauchos
Symbol of Latin American identity, ethnic egalitarianism, anyone could be one
56
Ottoman Empire decline
Military decline, territorial losses, economic difficulties
57
Capitulations
Agreements that exempted European visitors from Ottoman Law and provided European powers with extraterritoriality
58
Mahmud II
Sultan of Ottoman, after Selim III, reform and reorganization
59
Tanzimat era
Reorganization of the Ottoman Empire
60
Young Turks
Called for universal suffrage, equality before the law, freedom of religion, free public education, secularization of the state, and the emancipation of women
61
Crimean War
Weakened Russian Empire, Russia and Ottomans, Russia suffered humiliating defeats, Russia was weak (they re-evaluated social order and restructured)
62
Emancipation Manifesto
Serfdom was abolished. Freedom to 23 million serfs
63
Opium war
British forced opium addiction into China because they wouldn’t participate in trade, Treaty of Nanking (British had to accept the opium trade was over), opium was made illegal, British took Hong Kong, China suffered many devastating and humiliating defeats
64
Taiping leaders and rebellion
Proposal for the destruction of Qing dynasty, radical transformation of Chinese society (Xiuquan). Rebellion brought Qing to the brink of collapse
65
Self-Strengthening Movement
“Chinese learning at the base, western learning for use”. Intelligence and military strength and tacticts
66
Hundred Days Reform
Kang Youwei And Laing Qichao. Radical changes in the imperial system
67
Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists
Boxer Rebellion, wanted to eliminate foreign powers because they threatened the gov’t
68
The Diet
Constitutional monarchy. Two houses. Nobles and lower houses. Executive held most power
69
Imperialism
Extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force
70
Sepoy Rebellion
Rifles being lubricated with animal fat
71
“Great game”
Imperial expansion “game” between much of Central Asia into the Russian empire. They all wanted imperial advantages
72
Britain wanted to control Southeast Asian sea lanes because
They wanted tin and rubber
73
Boer war
British miners seeking gold and diamonds in African territories
74
King Leopold
Congo, gold, bad guy, hands, killed many, rubber, kept riches for self, Belgian ruler, said he “colonized” Congo
75
Berlin Conference
No Africans, Europeans and U.S. were there to make ground rules for colonizing Africa
76
Colonial rule
``` Direct rule (controller it with administration) Indirect rule (other officials impose ideas) ```
77
Pacific island and European conflict
Europeans wanted their spices
78
Monroe Doctrine
Proclamation warning Europeans against imperialist designs wishing N. hemisphere
79
U.S. annexation of Hawaii
Wanted sugar plantations and more American ports
80
Spanish-American War
U.S gained Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guam, and the Philippines
81
Panama Canal
Facilitated communication and transportation
82
Sino-Japanese war
Expanded power by gaining E. Asian water
83
Russo-Japanese War
Gain of Korea
84
Imperialism changes
Trade, population increase
85
Labor movements
Europe and Asia to U.S.
86
Indian National Congress
Reform India
87
Bolshevik
“Bread, peace, and land” Vladimir Lennon Russia Redistribution of land

AP World History (10 decks)

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