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AP World History > Unit 6 (chapters 28-32) > Flashcards

Unit 6 (chapters 28-32) Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the loyalists?

A

Colonists who were loyal to Britain

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2
Q

What was the Stamp Act?

A

A taxation on paper documents

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3
Q

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A

A protest where colonist threw tea chests in Boston Harbor because of the taxation on tea

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4
Q

Who were the patriots?

A

Colonists who were loyal to America

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5
Q

Why was the Battle of Saratoga important?

A

It was the first major American victory, it was the turning point in the war, it inspired the French to help America

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6
Q

What is a revolution?

A

A forcible overthrow of a government or social order

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7
Q

What was the Boston Massacre?

A

11 colonists were shot by a group of British soldiers

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8
Q

When did the “shot heard around the world” occur?

A

Beginning of the Battles of Lexington and Concord

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9
Q

Why did Common Sense make a big impact?

A

It was written so the average farmer could understand it

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10
Q

Why are the battles of Lexington and Concord important?

A

They were the first Battles of the American Revolution

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11
Q

What was the order of French leaders during the revolution?

A

King Lois XVI, Robespierre, Napoleon

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12
Q

Who was Adam Smith?

A

A Scottish philosopher who focused on economic affairs of supply and demand. Enlightenment thinking

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13
Q

Who was John Locke?

A

An Enlightenment thinker and English philosopher who focused on the natural law of politics and believed in a constitutional monarchy

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14
Q

Who was Baron de Montesquieu?

A

An Enlightenment thinker who believed in the separation of power and establishing a science of politics

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15
Q

Who was Voltaire?

A

An Enlightenment thinker who believed in individual freedom, no oppression, and had very liberal beliefs. He published many writings (first one being when he was 17)

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16
Q

What was popular sovereignty?

A

The principle that the authority of a state and it’s gov’t are created and sustained by the consent of it’s people, who are the source of all political power (power to the people)

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17
Q

Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?

A

An Enlightenment thinker who identified with the working class, and preached political equality

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18
Q

What were beliefs of Deists?

A

Existence of a god, but denied supernatural teachings of Christianity (such as Jesus’ virgin birth and resurrection)

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19
Q

What were Enlightenment values?

A

Freedom and equality, as well as popular sovereignty (which was broadened by the American Revolution when taxes were imposed [decreased “freedom” increased the want for it] as well as the declaration [increased popular sovereignty])

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20
Q

The rise of Napoleon

A

Was a military leader that rose to being emperor by being politically ambitious, overthrowing the Directory, and setting up a new gov’t (the Consulate)

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21
Q

Who led the Haitian Revolution?

A

Toussaint L’Ouveture

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22
Q

What was the result of the Haitian Revolution?

A

Haiti became independent. It was the only successful slave revolt

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23
Q

Who was Simon Bolivar?

A

French revolutionist who led the movement for independence

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24
Q

William Wilberforce

A

Leading spokesman for antislavery movement

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25
Q

Nationalism

A

Identification with one’s nation and support for it’s interest

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26
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

attempted to restore pre-revolutionary order, failed because it was “impossible” to suppress popular sovereignty

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27
Q

What was the Industrial Revolution?

A

Factories and new methods for increased production of manufactured goods

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28
Q

Steam engine

A

Invented by James Watt, greater productivity, cheaper prices

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29
Q

Factory system

A

Complicated machinery, boosted economy, faster/cheaper, large-scale production, awful working conditions

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30
Q

Why did the Industrial Revolution happen in Britain?

A

Support from the investment capital

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31
Q

Standard Oil monopoly

A

Controlled almost all oil in America, enabled efficient operation, cost cutting, and ability to undersell competitors (cheaper for consumers)

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32
Q

Revolutionary medicines

A

Helped people live longer, vaccinations

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33
Q

City conditions

A

Gross, polluted, occupied with working class (poor)

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34
Q

Employment of women

A

Domestic services in middle-class households, and textile industry

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35
Q

Trade unions

A

advance toward equitable society, eliminate abuses of early industrial society and improve workers lives

36
Q

Declaration Of Independence

A

America declaring it’s independence from Britain. “All men are created equal” (not “equal” yet)

37
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

Move Native Americans for settlers to expand.

Related terms: Trail of Tears. Manifest Destiny

38
Q

Conflict between Native Americans and white settlers

A

Little Bighorn. Native Americans ultimately lost because they were not as advanced as the settlers

39
Q

Manifest destiny

A

The divine right that white settlers were given for westward expansion across North America

40
Q

Mexican-American War

A

U.S. accepted Texas as a state. America won, but many Mexicans were left stranded or stayed where they were and attained citizenship.

41
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

Ended the war, added to U.S. territory

42
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Issued by president Abraham Lincoln (abolitionist), freed slaves in the states that rebelled during the Civil War

43
Q

Civil War (United States)

A

South vs. North, slavery, rebels (South), Abe Lincoln (abolitionist), Emancipation Proclamation

44
Q

War of 1812

A

Sense of unity against an external threat. Impacted Canada (caused an era of growth), and anti-U.S. sentiments

45
Q

John A. Macdonald

A

Prime minister of Canada, expanded by negotiating purchases

46
Q

Latin American independence

A

Caudillos (military leaders) took leadership.

47
Q

Development of Mexico

A

Affected/set back by rivalries between liberals and conservatives

48
Q

Mexican Revolution

A

Land and liberty and ideals/aspirations of the masses (Zapata and Francisco Villa)

49
Q

Immigration to the U.S.

A

Many people migrated from Asia, Europe, and Latin America for job opportunities (such as on railroads or in factories) as well as searching for financial well-being

50
Q

Railroads

A

Economic developments (faster trade), job openings

51
Q

Different economic development in Latin America than in Canada

A

Latin America didn’t undergo industrialization or the “enjoyment” of economic developments

52
Q

How did the U.S. severe ties with Natives to their culture

A

Put them on plantations and forced them to assimilate

53
Q

Canada’s conflicts with natives

A

A lot more gentle than U.S. approach

54
Q

Northwest Rebellion

A

Failed rebellion in Canada because of threat of white settlement

55
Q

Gauchos

A

Symbol of Latin American identity, ethnic egalitarianism, anyone could be one

56
Q

Ottoman Empire decline

A

Military decline, territorial losses, economic difficulties

57
Q

Capitulations

A

Agreements that exempted European visitors from Ottoman Law and provided European powers with extraterritoriality

58
Q

Mahmud II

A

Sultan of Ottoman, after Selim III, reform and reorganization

59
Q

Tanzimat era

A

Reorganization of the Ottoman Empire

60
Q

Young Turks

A

Called for universal suffrage, equality before the law, freedom of religion, free public education, secularization of the state, and the emancipation of women

61
Q

Crimean War

A

Weakened Russian Empire, Russia and Ottomans, Russia suffered humiliating defeats, Russia was weak (they re-evaluated social order and restructured)

62
Q

Emancipation Manifesto

A

Serfdom was abolished. Freedom to 23 million serfs

63
Q

Opium war

A

British forced opium addiction into China because they wouldn’t participate in trade, Treaty of Nanking (British had to accept the opium trade was over), opium was made illegal, British took Hong Kong, China suffered many devastating and humiliating defeats

64
Q

Taiping leaders and rebellion

A

Proposal for the destruction of Qing dynasty, radical transformation of Chinese society (Xiuquan). Rebellion brought Qing to the brink of collapse

65
Q

Self-Strengthening Movement

A

“Chinese learning at the base, western learning for use”. Intelligence and military strength and tacticts

66
Q

Hundred Days Reform

A

Kang Youwei And Laing Qichao. Radical changes in the imperial system

67
Q

Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists

A

Boxer Rebellion, wanted to eliminate foreign powers because they threatened the gov’t

68
Q

The Diet

A

Constitutional monarchy. Two houses. Nobles and lower houses. Executive held most power

69
Q

Imperialism

A

Extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force

70
Q

Sepoy Rebellion

A

Rifles being lubricated with animal fat

71
Q

“Great game”

A

Imperial expansion “game” between much of Central Asia into the Russian empire. They all wanted imperial advantages

72
Q

Britain wanted to control Southeast Asian sea lanes because

A

They wanted tin and rubber

73
Q

Boer war

A

British miners seeking gold and diamonds in African territories

74
Q

King Leopold

A

Congo, gold, bad guy, hands, killed many, rubber, kept riches for self, Belgian ruler, said he “colonized” Congo

75
Q

Berlin Conference

A

No Africans, Europeans and U.S. were there to make ground rules for colonizing Africa

76
Q

Colonial rule

A 
Direct rule (controller it with administration)
Indirect rule (other officials impose ideas)
77
Q

Pacific island and European conflict

A

Europeans wanted their spices

78
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Proclamation warning Europeans against imperialist designs wishing N. hemisphere

79
Q

U.S. annexation of Hawaii

A

Wanted sugar plantations and more American ports

80
Q

Spanish-American War

A

U.S gained Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guam, and the Philippines

81
Q

Panama Canal

A

Facilitated communication and transportation

82
Q

Sino-Japanese war

A

Expanded power by gaining E. Asian water

83
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

Gain of Korea

84
Q

Imperialism changes

A

Trade, population increase

85
Q

Labor movements

A

Europe and Asia to U.S.

86
Q

Indian National Congress

A

Reform India

87
Q

Bolshevik

A

“Bread, peace, and land”
Vladimir Lennon
Russia
Redistribution of land

AP World History (10 decks)

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