Chapter 14 Flashcards
Who is Allah (Islam)?
God
Who is Muhammed?
Allah’s profit
What is the Quran?
The holy book of Islam. It means “recitation”.
What was Mecca?
A holy city of where there had been conflicts centered on religious issues.
What was at Mecca that made it significant to Islam?
A shrine considered to be the dwelling of a powerful deity, inside a cube-shaped building called the Ka’ba.
Medina (Islam)
the city of the prophet
Hijra (Islam)
migration
Umma (Islam)
community of the faithful
Five Pillars of Islam
- ) Allah is the only god
- ) Pray to Allah daily facing Mecca
- ) Observe a fast during the daylight hours of the month of Ramadan
- ) Contribute alms for the relief of the weak and poor
- ) Undertake the Hajj
Jihad (Islam)
“struggle”, combat vice and evil, struggle against ignorance and unbelief, physical struggle to protect Islam
Sharia (Islam)
Islamic holy law
Abu Bakr
After Muhammed’s death, he was picked by Muhammed’s advisors as the caliph (“deputy”).
Caliph (Islam)
“deputy”, let the umma as lieutenants or substitutes for Muhammed
Shia and Sunni
two sects of Islam
Shia
Appointed Ali and his descendants as caliphs
Sunni
“traditionalists”, accepted the legitimacy of early caliphs
Umayyad dynasty
661-750 CE, after the assassination of Ali
Policy toward conquered people (Umayyad)
treated fairly equally, religiously tolerant
Jizya (Islam)
a special head tax on those who didn’t convert to Islam after being conquered
Abbasid dynasty
Abu al-Abbas, conquered by the Mongols, Baghdad
Harry al-Rashid
caliph who reigned during the high point of the Abbasid dynasty
Sakk
checks (money)
Maritime trade
increased due to technology
al-Andalus
prosperity of Islamic Spain
Quran and Sharia (gender roles)
enforced male dominance
Sufi (Islam)
Islamic missionaries (mystics)
Madrasas (Islam)
higher education
Traditions from Persia, India, and Greece
travelers, merchants, etc., scientific, philosophical, writings, gov’t techniques, poetry, literature
Rubaiyat
the verses of Omar Khayyam
