Unit 6: Bones Flashcards
what is the special brand of anatomy for skeletal system
osteology
what are the 5 functions of the skeletal system
provides support and protection by supporting and protecting soft tissues and provides attachment sites for muscles, tendons and ligaments, assistant in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, and acid-base balance
what are tendons and ligaments
a tendon connects muscle to bones or connects muscle to other muscle. a ligament connects a bone to another bone
what is blood cell production called? how does it happen
hematopoiesis are multipoint stem cells in red bone marrow produce blood cells
what are the two division of the skeleton? humber of bones?what does it include?
axial skeleton has 80 bones which includes bones of skull, hyoid, vertebral column, sternum and ribcage. appendicular skeleton contains 126 bones which include pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs
what are the 5 possible bone shape
long bones, short bones, sesamoid bones, flat bones, and irregular bones
what are long bones? where are they located? name is tricky btw
they are longer than they are white. have a shaft (central part) and two distinctly different ends (proximal and distal end) located on limbs like humerus and trivia and phalanges
what are short bones? location
have equal length and width; have a cube like shape and are located in carpals and tarsals
what are sesamoid bones? function? located?
a short bone that develops inside a tendon. size can vary. function is to protect tendon from wear and improves movement at a joint. located in patella (present in all people) and palms/soles (not present in all people)
what are flat bones? function? located?
large surface area, are thin, flat and usually curved. function is generally not in movement, they function to provide protection and a surface for muscle attachment.
what are irregular bones? location
have miscellaneous shapes that do not fit with the other categories listed. located in vertebrae and hip bones
what is the definition of bone markings:
surface marking that allow for bones to function
what are the four type of markings?
articulations, extensions & projections, depressions, openings
what are articulations? function? example?
this is a point where one bone meets another bone. forms joints example is coldly.e such as occipital condyle
what are extensions and projection? two function?
these marking stick out from the bone. they form joints and are attachment points for CT and or muscles
what are depressions? function? examples
these are shallow areas that allow passage of soft tissue or for attachment of muscles. example is a fossa such as the infrasponus fossa
what are openings?funciton? example?
these are howls that allow for passage of soft tissue. example is foramen magnum
what are the two definition of a bone?
an organ because all bones are separate organs. a tissue because bone is not type of ct
which five tissue are found in bone?
bone, nerve tissue, cartilage, dense irregular ct, and blood vessel
what are bones (osseous)
makes of majority of the tissue in bone
what are nerve tissue in bone
bone is innervated
where is cartilage
on articular surface where bone meets another bone
what are dense irregular ct
THE LINE CAVITIES AND cover external suave
what are bone vessel
bone tissue that is vascular, they also have smooth muscle and simple squamous epithelial tissue inside the vessel wall
what are the two types of bone
compact and spongy
where is compact located and the three features
in the outer layers of bone beneath in the periosteum. they are dense, smooth, and solid, strongest type of bone, has osteons, lamella, and a central canal
where are spongy bone locate? what are the 6 feature?
the inner layers of bones and are covered by endosperm. features are made of small, needle pieces called spicules, and trabecular; many open space– bone marrow is located in the spaces, sponge like, weaker form of bone, no central canal, a few osteons
what are the three regions of a long bone?
diaphysis, epiphysis, and metaphysis
what is diaphysis ? consist of ?
center or shaft of the bone and made of compact bone
what is the definition of medullary cavity
a hallow space in the center of the shaft. bone marrow dislocated here
what is epiphysis? what is the superficial region made of? deep region?
the end of the bone, there are two ends proximal and distal superficial region is made of compact bone and deep region is made of spongy bone
what is the definition of arituclar cartilage and articular surface
region of hyalin cartilage covering the articular sure. arituclar surface is where the bone meets another bone (called joint)
what is metaphysis
this is the point where the diaphysis and epihyis meet
what is epiphyseal plate
layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysic. allow for lengthwise growth of the bone. plate present only in growing bone
what is the definition ephiphyl ine
where the bone stops growing the plate is replaced by bone tissue and is now called the epiphyseal line
what are the two ct membranes associated with bone
periosteum and endosperm
