Unit 5 Notes: The integumentary system

Question 1

What is the definition of integumentary system

Answer 1

skin and is accessory organs

Question 2

what is the specialized branch of anatomy in the integumentary system:

Answer 2

dermatology

Question 3

What is the (3) function of integumentary system

Answer 3

protects internal body structures=, sensation(detects stimuli like touch temp and pain), vitamin D production (from sunlight along with liver and kidneys), and temperature regulation by perspiration(evaporation of water creates cooling effect) or blood flow (changes in blood flow to the skin can prevent heat loss when body is cold or allow for heat loss when the body is warm)

Question 4

what does the integumentary system protect agains (3)

Answer 4

mechanic stress (abrasion), penetration by liquids and other chemicals, entry of pathogens

Question 5

What are the two layers of the integument system?what is their location?What is it made of?and does the eit have a blood supply?

Answer 5

the epidermis is superficial and made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, does not have a blood supply. . the dermis is located deep and made of dense irregular and areolar, it does have blood supply.

Question 6

What is the definition of hypodermic (subcutaneous layer)? what is it made of?What is its function? is it a part of the integumentary system?

Answer 6

the region inferior to the dermis and made of adipose and areolar. It stores fat, absorbs shock, insulation, and anchors skin to muscles. It is not a part of the integumentary system.

Question 7

What is the type of epithelia tissue

Answer 7

keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

Question 8

What is the 5 cell types composed in the epidermis

Answer 8

stem cell, keratinocyte, melanocyte, dendritic (langerhans cell), and tactile (Merkel) cell

Question 9

What is the location of stem cell? the type of cell ? name two function

Answer 9

found in stratum basale, a unipotent stem cell, and function include diving by mitosis to produce 2 new cells each time it divides, and one of the new cells stay as stem cell while the other differentiates into keratinocytes

Question 10

What type of cell is the keratinocyte? name the four function? where is it abundant?

Answer 10

a epithelial cell. Function include: making protein keratin, contains membrane coating vesicles that release a lipid to waterproof, contains keratohyalin granules that release filaggrin which is a protein that binds keratin fibers together into bundles, and produce envelope protein to stabilize the cell membrane. It is abundant in the epidermis and they compose 90% of the cells

Question 11

What type of cell is melanocyte? what is the function? what’s is the abundant?

Answer 11

is a epithelial cell, and function include to produce the protein melanin which is the colored protein. Its abundance in 8% of the cell

Question 12

what takes up melanin? how?

Answer 12

keratinocytes takes up melanin by phagocytosis

Question 13

what type of cell is dendritic (langerhans) cell? what is the function? what’s it the abundancy?

Answer 13

A type of WBC, specifically a macrophage. Its function is immune system protection, defend against entry of pathogens. The abundancy is 4%

Question 14

What type of cell is tactile (Merkel) cell? function? abundance?

Answer 14

an epithelial cell. functions as a touch receptor, they are connected to a nerve cell in the dermis. bunchy is less than 1%

Question 15

What is the definition of thick skin (zones?) where is it located? what are the specific locations?

Answer 15

has all five zones, located in high friction areas of the body, specifically palms, finger tips, and soles of feet

Question 16

what is the definition of thin skin (zones)? where is it located? specific location?

Answer 16

it only has four zones. located in low friction areas, found in all other areas like legs

Question 17

what is the 5 zones of epidermis from deepest to superficial

Answer 17

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucid, stratum corneum

Question 18

where is the stratum basale located? what is the number of cell layers? cell present(4)? 6 features

Answer 18

the deepest layer, only one, contains stem cells keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile. features in culled division, youngest cells, desmosomes bind cells together (hemidesmosomes bind cells to basement membrane) cells have many organelle, most metobicllay active layer, mitotic rate increases when skin is injured

Question 19

where is the stratum spinous located? number of cell layers? 3 cell types? and 3 features?

Answer 19

the second deepest layer, has 8-10 layers, cell types include keratinocytes, tactile, and dendritic. features include keratinocytes have many sides and are a flatten cuboidal shape, desmosomes bind cells tighter and tight junction form water proof carrier, cells begin to receive less nutrients and o2

Question 20

where is the stratum granulosum located? number of cell layers? 2 cell types? and 6 features?

Answer 20

third deepest layer, has 3-5 layers, and contain keratinocytes, and dendritic. feature include reciting very little nutrients and o2, cells in the uppermost layer of the zone area dead, begin to flatten, kertohyalin granules release filaggrin to bind keratin into bundles, envelope protein are deposited beneath the cell membrane, membrane coating vesicles release lipids from the cell; lipids fill-in spaces between the cells and waterproof. organelle begin to degrade and cells on top have no organelle and are dead