Unit 1: Introduction To Major Themes In Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of structure
Physiology
The study of function
Gross anatomy
Looks at large structures with the unaided eye
What is microsopic anatomy
study small structures using a microscope
What is developmental anatomy?
The study of changes from birth to death of an organism
What is cytology?
The study of cells
What is histology
The study of tissues
What is molecule?
A particle composed of at least two atoms ( the smallest particles with unique chemical identities)
What is metabolism?
The sum of the chemical change from taking in molecules forom the environment and chemically change them into molecules that form their own structures, control their physiology, or provide them with energy.
What is catabolic
breaks large molecules into small ones
What is anabolic
builds large molecule form smaller ones
What is stimuli
Changes in the environment
What is body cavity
fluid filled space instide the body that holds and protects internal organs
What is serosa (serous membrane)?
Membranes lining closed internal body cavities
What is serous fluid?
A watery fluid, resembling (blood-) serum
What is regional anatomy?
Study structures by region. They are physically related because they are close together
What is systemic anatomy
study structures by system. They are functionally related because the work together to perform the same function
What is surface anatomy?
the study of internal structure in the context of external markings. or seeing how the internal structs effects the external appearance.
What is the difference between surface anatomy, regional anatomy, and systemic anatomy
Regional anatomy is the study of physically related structures while the systemic anatomy is the study of functionally related structures. Surface study the internal structures and see how it effects the external appearance.
Explain the “principle of complementary of structure and function” in relation to A&P
The way an object is built (its structure) allows for it to achieve (it complements) the objects special purpose (its function)
What are the 7 levels of organization (from simplest to the most complex)
give examples
- chemical (like atoms and molecules
- organells (nucleus and mictochondira
- cellular (fibrous
- tissue (muscle)
- Organ (heart)
- system (digestive)
- Organism (human)
What makes up an organelle? what is an organelle
a group of chemicals, organelles are little “organs” inside cells that have specific functions
What makes up the cellar level? What is the smallest unit of life
a group of organelle form a cell (which is the smallest unit of life)
What makes up the tissue level? what is a tissue
a group of cells, the groups of cells work together to perform a specific function
What makes up organ level? What is an organ?
a group of tissues, an organ is a group of 2 or more tissues working together to perform a specific function
What makes up the organ system?
a group of organs,
What makes up an organisms
a group organ system
List the 11 organ system
Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, urinary, digestive, reproductive
What is the function of the integumentary system? What are the principal organs?
protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensations, nonverbal communication. skin, hair, nail, cutaneous glands
What organs make up the skeletal system? What does it do?
Bones, cartilage, ligaments. Support, movement, protective enclosure of viscera, blood formation, mineral storage, electrolyte, and acid- base balance.
What organs are in the muscular system? what is the function?
Skeletal muscles. Movement, stability, communication, control of body opening, heat production
What organs or in the lymphatic system? What is the function?
lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils. Recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against disease.
What organs are in the respiratory system? what is the function?
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs. Absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, acid -base balance, speech
What organs are in the urinary system? what is the function?
kidney, urters, urinary bladder, urethra. Eliminations of wastes; regulation of blood volume and pressure, simulation of red blood cell formation, control of fluid, electrotype and acid-base balance, detoxification.
What organs are in the nervous system? what is the function?
brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia. Rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control and sensation
What organs are in the endocrine system? what is the function?
pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, tests ovaries. hormone production, internal comic communication and coordination.
What are the organs in the circulatory system? what is the function?
heart and blood vessels. distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolyte, heat, immune cells, and antibodies; fluid electrolyte and acid-base balance
What organs are in the digestive system? what is the function?
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small and late intestine, liver gallbladder, pancreases. nutrient breakdown and absorption/ liver function include metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamins and minerals. synthesis of plasma proteins; disposal of drugs, toxins and hormones, and cleaning of blood.
What are the organs in the male reproductive system? what is the function?
testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands, penis. production and deliver of sperm; secretion of sex hormones
what are the organs in the female reproductive system? what is the function?
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands/ Production of eggs, site of fertilization and fetal development; fetal nourishment, birth, lactation; secretion of sex hormones.
List and explain the 7 basic life process found in all living things.
- organization (organized into structure called cells)
- metabolisms ( ability to take chemical from environment and alter them through chemical reaction
- responsiveness and movement (ability of detect changes to the environment and response to changes (stimuli) then whole body moment, movement of cells within the body or movement of substance within the body.
- Homeostatis ( maintain stable internal conditions)
- Development ( loving things change over time)
- reproduction (form a new individual or form new cells within the body)
- evolution (changes in a population of organisms over time
What is differentiation? what is growth?
the process by which cells become specialized to preform a specific function. increase in size
Describe the dorsal body cavity by parts, tissue that lines, and organs located there.
Contains the brain (cranial) and spinal cord (vertebral/spinal). CNS. tissue that lines is the meninges.
Describe the ventral body cavity by the parts, tissue that lines, and organ located
Contains: visceral organs. tissue that lines is the serous membrane (or serosa). has two parts thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity. organs include: lung, heart, liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, uterus, urinary bladder, rectum/
what is the difference between parietal layer and visceral layer?
parietals layer is the outer layer that covers the wall of the body cavity. visceral layer in the inner layer that covers the organs in the cavity.
