Unit 1: Introduction To Major Themes In Anatomy And Physiology

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of structure

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of function

Question 3

Gross anatomy

Answer 3

Looks at large structures with the unaided eye

Question 4

What is microsopic anatomy

Answer 4

study small structures using a microscope

Question 5

What is developmental anatomy?

Answer 5

The study of changes from birth to death of an organism

Question 6

What is cytology?

Answer 6

The study of cells

Question 7

What is histology

Answer 7

The study of tissues

Question 8

What is molecule?

Answer 8

A particle composed of at least two atoms ( the smallest particles with unique chemical identities)

Question 9

What is metabolism?

Answer 9

The sum of the chemical change from taking in molecules forom the environment and chemically change them into molecules that form their own structures, control their physiology, or provide them with energy.

Question 10

What is catabolic

Answer 10

breaks large molecules into small ones

Question 11

What is anabolic

Answer 11

builds large molecule form smaller ones

Question 12

What is stimuli

Answer 12

Changes in the environment

Question 13

What is body cavity

Answer 13

fluid filled space instide the body that holds and protects internal organs

Question 14

What is serosa (serous membrane)?

Answer 14

Membranes lining closed internal body cavities

Question 15

What is serous fluid?

Answer 15

A watery fluid, resembling (blood-) serum

Question 16

What is regional anatomy?

Answer 16

Study structures by region. They are physically related because they are close together

Question 17

What is systemic anatomy

Answer 17

study structures by system. They are functionally related because the work together to perform the same function

Question 18

What is surface anatomy?

Answer 18

the study of internal structure in the context of external markings. or seeing how the internal structs effects the external appearance.

Question 19

What is the difference between surface anatomy, regional anatomy, and systemic anatomy

Answer 19

Regional anatomy is the study of physically related structures while the systemic anatomy is the study of functionally related structures. Surface study the internal structures and see how it effects the external appearance.

Question 20

Explain the “principle of complementary of structure and function” in relation to A&P

Answer 20

The way an object is built (its structure) allows for it to achieve (it complements) the objects special purpose (its function)

Question 21

What are the 7 levels of organization (from simplest to the most complex)
give examples

Answer 21

1. chemical (like atoms and molecules
2. organells (nucleus and mictochondira
3. cellular (fibrous
4. tissue (muscle)
5. Organ (heart)
6. system (digestive)
7. Organism (human)

Question 22

What makes up an organelle? what is an organelle

Answer 22

a group of chemicals, organelles are little “organs” inside cells that have specific functions

Question 23

What makes up the cellar level? What is the smallest unit of life

Answer 23

a group of organelle form a cell (which is the smallest unit of life)

Question 24

What makes up the tissue level? what is a tissue

Answer 24

a group of cells, the groups of cells work together to perform a specific function

Question 25

What makes up organ level? What is an organ?

Answer 25

a group of tissues, an organ is a group of 2 or more tissues working together to perform a specific function

Question 26

What makes up the organ system?

Answer 26

a group of organs,

Question 27

What makes up an organisms

Answer 27

a group organ system

Question 28

List the 11 organ system

Answer 28

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, urinary, digestive, reproductive

Question 29

What is the function of the integumentary system? What are the principal organs?

Answer 29

protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensations, nonverbal communication. skin, hair, nail, cutaneous glands

Question 30

What organs make up the skeletal system? What does it do?

Answer 30

Bones, cartilage, ligaments. Support, movement, protective enclosure of viscera, blood formation, mineral storage, electrolyte, and acid- base balance.

Question 31

What organs are in the muscular system? what is the function?

Answer 31

Skeletal muscles. Movement, stability, communication, control of body opening, heat production

Question 32

What organs or in the lymphatic system? What is the function?

Answer 32

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils. Recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against disease.

Question 33

What organs are in the respiratory system? what is the function?

Answer 33

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs. Absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, acid -base balance, speech

Question 34

What organs are in the urinary system? what is the function?

Answer 34

kidney, urters, urinary bladder, urethra. Eliminations of wastes; regulation of blood volume and pressure, simulation of red blood cell formation, control of fluid, electrotype and acid-base balance, detoxification.

Question 35

What organs are in the nervous system? what is the function?

Answer 35

brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia. Rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control and sensation

Question 36

What organs are in the endocrine system? what is the function?

Answer 36

pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, tests ovaries. hormone production, internal comic communication and coordination.

Question 37

What are the organs in the circulatory system? what is the function?

Answer 37

heart and blood vessels. distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolyte, heat, immune cells, and antibodies; fluid electrolyte and acid-base balance

Question 38

What organs are in the digestive system? what is the function?

Answer 38

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small and late intestine, liver gallbladder, pancreases. nutrient breakdown and absorption/ liver function include metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamins and minerals. synthesis of plasma proteins; disposal of drugs, toxins and hormones, and cleaning of blood.

Question 39

What are the organs in the male reproductive system? what is the function?

Answer 39

testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands, penis. production and deliver of sperm; secretion of sex hormones

Question 40

what are the organs in the female reproductive system? what is the function?

Answer 40

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands/ Production of eggs, site of fertilization and fetal development; fetal nourishment, birth, lactation; secretion of sex hormones.

Question 41

List and explain the 7 basic life process found in all living things.

Answer 41

1. organization (organized into structure called cells)
2. metabolisms ( ability to take chemical from environment and alter them through chemical reaction
3. responsiveness and movement (ability of detect changes to the environment and response to changes (stimuli) then whole body moment, movement of cells within the body or movement of substance within the body.
4. Homeostatis ( maintain stable internal conditions)
5. Development ( loving things change over time)
6. reproduction (form a new individual or form new cells within the body)
7. evolution (changes in a population of organisms over time

Question 42

What is differentiation? what is growth?

Answer 42

the process by which cells become specialized to preform a specific function. increase in size

Question 43

Describe the dorsal body cavity by parts, tissue that lines, and organs located there.

Answer 43

Contains the brain (cranial) and spinal cord (vertebral/spinal). CNS. tissue that lines is the meninges.

Question 44

Describe the ventral body cavity by the parts, tissue that lines, and organ located

Answer 44

Contains: visceral organs. tissue that lines is the serous membrane (or serosa). has two parts thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity. organs include: lung, heart, liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, uterus, urinary bladder, rectum/

Question 45

what is the difference between parietal layer and visceral layer?

Answer 45

parietals layer is the outer layer that covers the wall of the body cavity. visceral layer in the inner layer that covers the organs in the cavity.