Unit 2: The Chemical Level of Organization Flashcards
chemistry
study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter
biochemisty
the study of the chemistry of living things
matter
anything that takes up space and has mass(weight). Matter is made of elements
atom
smallest unit of matter
atomic number
number of protons
isotope
atoms of the same element, but have different number of neurons
atomic mass
the sum of protons and neutrons
free radical
atom or a group of atoms (in a molecule or compound) that have unpaired electrons
antioxidant
a substance that will neutralize free radicals
energy
the ability to do work
work
the ability to move something
chemical bond
a force holding atoms together
chemical formula
is an abbreviation for a molecule. this tell us the specific elements found in a molecule and the number of atoms in each molecule. Like O2
molecule
2 or more atoms held by a chemical bond
compound
a specifically type of molecule that contains atoms of 2 or more different elements. Like h20
define solvent and give example
The substance that does the dissolving. In A&P this is always water
solute
the dissolved substances
ion
a charged atom
cation
an atom that lost its electron and becomes positively charged
anion
the atom that took up the electron and became negatively charged
salt
a ionic compound that dissociated into an anion and cation but the anion is not OH- and the cation is not H+
define electropositive atom. What causes it?
a partial positive charged form a polar covalent bond
define electronegative atom and what causes it?
a partial negative charge from a polar covalent bond
polar covalent bond
the covalent bond that has unequal sharing of electron
define non polar covalent bond. What is the stronger bond? What type of molecules can non polar covalent bonds be found?
equal sharing of electrons. stronger of all bonds. found in hydrophobic molecules
polar molecule
has partial negative and positive charges
chemical reaction
process where bonds are broken, formed, or rearranged.
What are the most abundant elements in the body? what is their chemical symbols
Oxygen (O), Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H), NITROGEN (N), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P)
What is the second most abundant elements in the body? What are their chemical Symbol
Sulfur(S), Potassium(K), Sodium (Na), Chlorine(Cl), Magnesium(Mg), and Iron(Fe)
Give examples of trace elements
iodine(I) or Copper (Cu)
explain the structure of a electrically neutral atom using: nucleus, proton, neutrons, electrons, electron shell, and valence shell
The center of a electrical neural atoms have the same number of protons and electrons in its nucleus. The electron shell holds the electrons. The é farthest from the nucleus is the valence shell
Define isotope. Compare and contrast. Explain how isotope different than radioisotope.
atoms of the same element but have different numbers of neutrons
Define isotope. Compare and contrast the isotopes. Explain how isotope different than radioisotope.
atoms of the same element but have different numbers of neutrons. They have the same chemical before, but different physical behavior like breaking down(decay). Radioisotopes are unstable.
define ionizing radiation, include harm and example
high energy particle or high energy radioisotope( unstable isotope). low doses are mutagenic or carcinogenic while high doses are quickly fatal. Ex: UV light, x rays, nuclear radiation
explain 2 forms of energy: kinetic and potential with examples
kinetic energy is the energy of motion like a moving car or bones when body is moving. Potential energy is the energy of position. They are not doing work, but has the potential too. like ions being kept at different concentrations
explain and give example of 3 types of energy? chemical, electrical, and electromagnetic energy
chemical energy is the energy in chemical bonds like nutrient molecules (food is source of chemical energy for body). Electrical energy is the energy form movement s of ions
explain and give example of 3 types of energy? chemical, electrical, and electromagnetic energy
chemical energy is the energy in chemical bonds like nutrient molecules (food is source of chemical energy for body). Electrical energy is the energy form movement s of ions like movments of ions across the membrane. Electromagnetic energy is the energy of electromagnetic waves that are not visible to the eye like X-rays
define isomer and their properties
molecules with the same chemical formula but atoms are arranged differently. They can be entirely different class of molecules like c2h6o can be ethanol or ethyl ether.
Which kind of energy (chemical, electrical, electromagnetic) is kinetic or potential
chemical is potential. electrical and electromagnetic is kinetic
define mixture. explain with example of the 4types of mixture: solution, colloid, emulsion, and suspension
a substance made of 2 or more physically intermixed substance with no chemical bonding. a solution is a homogenous and transparent mixture with small dissolved solute particles like sea water or kool aid. a colloid is a heterogeneous and opaque mixture with large dissolved solute particles like jello or or raw milk. emulsion a type of suspension where one liquid is suspending in another like oil and vinegar. suspension is a heterogeneous and opaque mixture with very large solutes particles that are not complete dissolve like sand and water or blood.
list and describe 3 ways to measure solute concentration
weight per volume (the weight of solute per volume of solvent like 8.5 g/l of NaCl (where there is 8.5 grams of NaCl per liter of solvent. Percentage: the percent of solute relative to solvent like 5% of dextrose out of 95% water. an Molarity which is the number of molecules of solute per volume of solvent.
