Unit 2: The Chemical Level of Organization

Question 1

chemistry

Answer 1

study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter

Question 2

biochemisty

Answer 2

the study of the chemistry of living things

Question 3

matter

Answer 3

anything that takes up space and has mass(weight). Matter is made of elements

Question 4

atom

Answer 4

smallest unit of matter

Question 5

atomic number

Answer 5

number of protons

Question 6

isotope

Answer 6

atoms of the same element, but have different number of neurons

Question 7

atomic mass

Answer 7

the sum of protons and neutrons

Question 8

free radical

Answer 8

atom or a group of atoms (in a molecule or compound) that have unpaired electrons

Question 9

antioxidant

Answer 9

a substance that will neutralize free radicals

Question 10

energy

Answer 10

the ability to do work

Question 11

work

Answer 11

the ability to move something

Question 12

chemical bond

Answer 12

a force holding atoms together

Question 13

chemical formula

Answer 13

is an abbreviation for a molecule. this tell us the specific elements found in a molecule and the number of atoms in each molecule. Like O2

Question 14

molecule

Answer 14

2 or more atoms held by a chemical bond

Question 15

compound

Answer 15

a specifically type of molecule that contains atoms of 2 or more different elements. Like h20

Question 16

define solvent and give example

Answer 16

The substance that does the dissolving. In A&P this is always water

Question 17

solute

Answer 17

the dissolved substances

Question 18

ion

Answer 18

a charged atom

Question 19

cation

Answer 19

an atom that lost its electron and becomes positively charged

Question 20

anion

Answer 20

the atom that took up the electron and became negatively charged

Question 21

salt

Answer 21

a ionic compound that dissociated into an anion and cation but the anion is not OH- and the cation is not H+

Question 22

define electropositive atom. What causes it?

Answer 22

a partial positive charged form a polar covalent bond

Question 23

define electronegative atom and what causes it?

Answer 23

a partial negative charge from a polar covalent bond

Question 24

polar covalent bond

Answer 24

the covalent bond that has unequal sharing of electron

Question 25

define non polar covalent bond. What is the stronger bond? What type of molecules can non polar covalent bonds be found?

Answer 25

equal sharing of electrons. stronger of all bonds. found in hydrophobic molecules

Question 26

polar molecule

Answer 26

has partial negative and positive charges

Question 27

chemical reaction

Answer 27

process where bonds are broken, formed, or rearranged.

Question 28

What are the most abundant elements in the body? what is their chemical symbols

Answer 28

Oxygen (O), Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H), NITROGEN (N), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P)

Question 29

What is the second most abundant elements in the body? What are their chemical Symbol

Answer 29

Sulfur(S), Potassium(K), Sodium (Na), Chlorine(Cl), Magnesium(Mg), and Iron(Fe)

Question 30

Give examples of trace elements

Answer 30

iodine(I) or Copper (Cu)

Question 31

explain the structure of a electrically neutral atom using: nucleus, proton, neutrons, electrons, electron shell, and valence shell

Answer 31

The center of a electrical neural atoms have the same number of protons and electrons in its nucleus. The electron shell holds the electrons. The é farthest from the nucleus is the valence shell

Question 32

Define isotope. Compare and contrast. Explain how isotope different than radioisotope.

Answer 32

atoms of the same element but have different numbers of neutrons

Question 33

Define isotope. Compare and contrast the isotopes. Explain how isotope different than radioisotope.

Answer 33

atoms of the same element but have different numbers of neutrons. They have the same chemical before, but different physical behavior like breaking down(decay). Radioisotopes are unstable.

Question 34

define ionizing radiation, include harm and example

Answer 34

high energy particle or high energy radioisotope( unstable isotope). low doses are mutagenic or carcinogenic while high doses are quickly fatal. Ex: UV light, x rays, nuclear radiation

Question 35

explain 2 forms of energy: kinetic and potential with examples

Answer 35

kinetic energy is the energy of motion like a moving car or bones when body is moving. Potential energy is the energy of position. They are not doing work, but has the potential too. like ions being kept at different concentrations

Question 36

explain and give example of 3 types of energy? chemical, electrical, and electromagnetic energy

Answer 36

chemical energy is the energy in chemical bonds like nutrient molecules (food is source of chemical energy for body). Electrical energy is the energy form movement s of ions

Question 37

explain and give example of 3 types of energy? chemical, electrical, and electromagnetic energy

Answer 37

chemical energy is the energy in chemical bonds like nutrient molecules (food is source of chemical energy for body). Electrical energy is the energy form movement s of ions like movments of ions across the membrane. Electromagnetic energy is the energy of electromagnetic waves that are not visible to the eye like X-rays

Question 38

define isomer and their properties

Answer 38

molecules with the same chemical formula but atoms are arranged differently. They can be entirely different class of molecules like c2h6o can be ethanol or ethyl ether.

Question 39

Which kind of energy (chemical, electrical, electromagnetic) is kinetic or potential

Answer 39

chemical is potential. electrical and electromagnetic is kinetic

Question 40

define mixture. explain with example of the 4types of mixture: solution, colloid, emulsion, and suspension

Answer 40

a substance made of 2 or more physically intermixed substance with no chemical bonding. a solution is a homogenous and transparent mixture with small dissolved solute particles like sea water or kool aid. a colloid is a heterogeneous and opaque mixture with large dissolved solute particles like jello or or raw milk. emulsion a type of suspension where one liquid is suspending in another like oil and vinegar. suspension is a heterogeneous and opaque mixture with very large solutes particles that are not complete dissolve like sand and water or blood.

Question 41

list and describe 3 ways to measure solute concentration

Answer 41

weight per volume (the weight of solute per volume of solvent like 8.5 g/l of NaCl (where there is 8.5 grams of NaCl per liter of solvent. Percentage: the percent of solute relative to solvent like 5% of dextrose out of 95% water. an Molarity which is the number of molecules of solute per volume of solvent.