Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology Units 5-8 > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

2
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

to and from the capillaries of the lungs. Brings deoxygenized blood to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

To and from the capilaries of the tissues of the body. Brings oxygenated blood to the tissues and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Edema

A

(AKA - Dropsy) A shift of fluids from vascular space into another compartment that results in abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues or body cavities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Anasarca

A

Severe, generalized edema of subcutaneous tissue, accumulation of serous fluid in body cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Ascites

A

Form of anasarca where fluid is in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Hydrothorax

A

Form of anasarca where fluid is in the thoracic (pleural) cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Hydropericardium

A

A form of anasarca where fluid is around the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Hydrocele

A

A form of anasarca where edema is in the scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Hyperemia

A

A PHYSIOLOGIC active process of engorgement with bright red, oxygenated blood recruited by signals from affected site. Examples: Inflammation (sun burn) or exercise increasing metabolic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Congestion (passive hyperemia)

A

A PATHOLOGICAL process of tissue engorgement with bluish, poorly oxygenated blood. Example: thrombosis, embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Ischemia

A

reduction in arterial blood supply (oxygen & nutrients) to a tissue or body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes of Ischemia

A

Aterial Obstruction; Venous Obstruction; Vasoconstriction; external pressure; heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Effects of Ischemia

A

Accumulation of metabolic wastes; pain;atrophy; tissue damage (Infarction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an Infarction

A

necrosis of tissue due to interference in blood supply to that tissue, usually follows ischemia. Usually affects - spleen, kidneys, lung, brain and heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sclerosis

A

it means “hardening”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Arteriosclerosis

A

Thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls partly due to deposition of calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of arteries due to build upof waxy plaque inside of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thrombosis

A

An ATTACHED solid mass or blood clot made up of blood cells. (sickle cell is an example)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Types of Thrombosis

A

Partial - obstruction of a blood vessel; thrombus can be dislodged Obstruction - Total or complete blockage of a blood vessel, with ischemia & infarction Septic - infected, verydangerous Aseptic - Not infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thrombi: Tiny -vs- Large

A

Tiny Thrombi can resolve on their own. Large Thrombi may grow by becoming surrounded by fibrous tissue. Some Thrombi break off and become emboli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thrombosis : Resolution

A

Thrombi dissolve without further damage (small Thrombi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Thrombosis : Calcification

A

Mineral salts accumulate around thrombus, may became obstructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thrombosis : Fragmentation

A

pieces of thrombus dislodge and move through the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Thrombosis : Septic Softening

A

septic (infected) thrombus; fragments move through bloodstream –> spread infection & may block small blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Thrombosis : Canalization

A

New blood capillaries form around to bypass the thrombus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Thrombosis : Consequences

A

Ischemia - reduction in arterial blood supply Passive Hyperemia - abnormal venous drainage Gangrene - death of tissue with loss of vascular supply, may be followed by bacterial infection Infarction - tisue necrosis due to obstruction in arterial blood supplying the area Bacteremia - presence of bacteria in blood from a septic thrombus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is an Embolism

A

Caused by formation of solid or gaseous object floating free (embolus) in the bloodstream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Embolism : Consequences

A

Ischemia; infarction; gangrene; spread of infection; spread of tumor cells; necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Loss of blood from the vascular system. Caused by trauma, vascular diseases, blood diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hemorrhage : Petechia

A

Small tissue damage, visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin (example: thrombocytopenia - low platelet count)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hemorrhage : Ecchymosis

A

Larger tissue damage in mucous membrane or skin (examples: acute remal failure, cirrhosis)

33
Q

Hemorrhage : Hematoma

A

Large collection of blood (tumor like swelling); usually due to trauma

34
Q

Hemorrhage : Epistaxis

A

Bleeding from the nose

35
Q

Hemorrhage : Hemoptysis

A

blood in sputum

36
Q

Hemorrhage : Hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

37
Q

Hemorrhage : Hemopericardium

A

blood in pericardial cavity

38
Q

Hemorrhage : Hemothorax

A

blood in the thoracic Cavity

39
Q

Hemorrhage : Hemoperitoneum

A

blood in the abdominal cavity

40
Q

Hemorrhage : Melena

A

blood in the stool

41
Q

Hemorrhage : Hematuria

A

red blood cells in urine

42
Q

Hemorrhage : Exsanguination

A

loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained

43
Q

Shock

A

Condition in which the circulatory system is unable to provide adequate blood supply to the body tissues, due to low blood flow through blood vessels, reduced cardia output or low blood volume. (AKA - Circulatory Collapse)

44
Q

Shock : Cardiogenic Shock (heart failure)

A

caused by myocardial infarction or other myocardial disease

45
Q

Shock : Hypovolemic Shock (low volume)

A

underfilled blood vessels, usually due to hemorrhage, burns, severe diarrhea or vasodilation (from severe allergic reaction)

46
Q

Shock : Septic Shock (infection)

A

from systemic bacterial infection (sepsis) by organisms that release bacterial endotoxins

47
Q

Gangrene

A

Necrosis (death) of tissue, usually resulting from deficient or absent blood supply

48
Q

Dry (ischemic Necrosis) Gangrene

A

gangrene caused by arterial obstruction

49
Q

Moist (wet) Gangrene

A

gangrene caused by impaired venous drainage

50
Q

Gas Gangrene

A

caused by bacterium Clostridium perfringens

51
Q

Dehydration

A

Decrease in total volume of body fluids

52
Q

Plethora

A

increase in whole body blood volume. Caused by excess blood from transfusion, overactive bone marrow

53
Q

Diminished Circulation

A

May lead to syncope (cessation of circulation)

54
Q

Abscess

A

Localized accumulation of pus

55
Q

Emaciation

A

excessive body wasting, usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition

56
Q

En

A

mean in or on

57
Q

Encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a direct viral infection or a hyper-sensitivity reaction to a virus or foreign protein.

58
Q

Endemic

A

Prevalent in or restricted to a particular region, community, or group of people.

59
Q

Endo

A

Inside, within

60
Q

Endocarditis

A

When the endocardium becomes damaged, bacteria from the blood stream can become lodged on the heart valves or heart lining.

61
Q

Endocervicitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the uterine cervix

62
Q

Endometriosis

A

a condition in which bits of the tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grow in other parts of the body

63
Q

Endogenous Infection

A

An infection caused by an infectious agent that is already present in the body, but has previously been inapparent or dormant.

64
Q

Endospores

A

a thick-walled body formed within the vegetative cells of certain bacteria (e.g., Bacillus, Clostridium, Sarcina) that can withstand adverse environmental conditions for prolonged periods; under favorable conditions it will germinate to form a vegetative bacterium.

65
Q

Endotoxin

A

A toxin that forms an integral part from WITHIN the cell wall of certain bacteria and is only released upon destruction of the bacterial cell

66
Q

Enteritis

A

inflammation of the intestine, especially of the small intestine.

67
Q

Entero

A

Intestines

68
Q

Epi

A

on, upon, above

69
Q

Epidermic

A

Outer layer if the skin

70
Q

Epilepsy

A

a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by periodic loss of consciousness with or without convulsions. In some cases it is due to brain damage but in others the cause is unknown

71
Q

Esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus; often caused by gastroesophageal reflux

72
Q

Esthesia

A

mental responsiveness and awareness

73
Q

Etiology

A

The science and study of the causes or origins of disease.

74
Q

Ex

A

Outside; out of; away from

75
Q

Exacerbation

A

An increase in the severity of a disease or in any of its signs or symptoms.

76
Q

Exogenous Infection

A

an infection that develops from bacteria normally outside the body that have gained access to the body.

77
Q

Exotoxin

A

a potent toxin formed and excreted by the bacterial cell, and free in the surrounding medium

78
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

low platelet count

Pathology Units 5-8 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions