Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology Units 5-8 > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

2
Q

What is Inflamation

A

cellular, tissue or vascular reaction to irritation, infection, or injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Phlegmon

A

inflammation of connective tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Inflamations Functions:

A

-protective defense mechanism -isolates & destroys the invader -cleans up the debris to promote healing -DOES NOT include REPAIR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inflammation: Etiology

A

-physical irritants – trauma, burns, radiation -chemical irritants – e.g., irritating gases -infectious agents – viruses, bacteria -immunological reactions (autoimmune disease) – e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Inflammatory Process

A

Tissue injury triggers the following events: - tissue mast cells (white blood cells) release histamine –> vasodilation (increased diameter of blood vessel capillaries) –> hyperemia (increased blood flow to the area) –>formation of inflammatory exudate (thick liquid around infection site due to blood fluid leaking from blood vessel to tissue) –> edema - neutrophils and macrophages (white blood cells) move toward the site (chemotaxis) to destroy debris and bacteria (phagocytosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Hyperemia

A

An increase in blood supply. This brings more WBC to the area - neutrophils (WBC) escape from blood vessel into the injured tissue by diapedesis (squeeze through the capillary wall) - phagocytosis (destroys microorganisms & foreign material) - suppuration (production & discharge of pus) ***pus = dead cell + exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inflammation: Cardinal Signs and Symptoms

A

Based on the steps of the inflammatory process, it explains the cause of: heat (calor)redness (rubor)swelling (tumor)pain (dolor)altered function (functio laesa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inflammatory Lesion - Abscess

A

Abscess – localized, circumscribed accumulation of pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Inflammatory Lesion - Ulcer

A

Ulcer - open sore or lesion of skin (epidermis) or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inflammatory Lesion - Vesicle

A

Vesicle - blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Inflammatory Lesion - Furuncle

A

Furuncle (boil) - abscess or pyogenic (producing pus) infection of sweat gland or hair follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inflammatory Lesion - Carbuncle

A

Carbuncle - several communicating boils of skin & subcutaneous tissues with production & discharge of pus & dead tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Inflammatory Lesion - Pustule

A

Pustule - small elevation of skin containing pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Exudate

A
  • fluid mixture of proteins, leukocytes, and tissue debris - oozes through tissues into cavity or to surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inflammatory Exudate - Serous

A
  • Serous – clear serum-like fluid containing primarily fluid, with small amount of proteins, implies lesser injury (damage); e.g., skin blisters, cold sores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Inflammatory Exudate - Purulent

A
  • Purulent – largely inflammatory cells (neutrophils), tissue debris & pyogenic bacteria (pus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Inflammatory Exudate - Hemorrhagic

A

Hemorrhagic – increased number of red blood cells (due to damaged leaking blood vessels), often infected, very serious condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inflammatory Exudate - Fibrinous

A

Fibrinous - rich in fibrinogen; coagulates and forms fibrin; produces a sticky film on surface of inflamed tissue; indicates larger injury; e.g., strep throat, bacterial pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inflammation: Resolution and Outcome

A

Resolution : termination of inflammatory response with the affected part returning to its normal state and function Repair: physical or mechanical restoration of damaged or diseased tissue by growth of healthy new cells, not necessarily the same type, or by surgery

21
Q

Results from Inflammation Repair

A

Regeneration – replacement of tissue by identical tissue; repair that leads to restoration of normal function; skin tissue replaced by epithelium (skin), bone tissue replaced by osteocytes (bone cells) division Scar formation – fibrous connective tissue repair, may occur in any tissue, does not restore function; e.g., brain, or heart tissue

22
Q

Dia

A

means “to go”

23
Q

Diabetes

A

disorders characterized by Hyperglycemia and Glucose Intolerance. Associated with excessive urination

24
Q

Diagnosis

A

The act or process of identifying or determining the nature and cause of a disease or injury through evaluation of patient history, examination, and review of laboratory data

25
Q

Dilatation

A

The act or process of expanding

26
Q

Diplobacilli

A

A rod-shaped bacterium occurring in pairs linked end to end.

27
Q

Diplococcus

A

spherical shaped bacteria occurring usually in pairs as a result of incomplete separation after cell division in a single plane.

28
Q

Disinfectant

A

an agent that disinfects, particularly one used on inanimate objects.

29
Q

Disinfection

A

the act of disinfecting, using specialized cleansing techniques that destroy or prevent growth of organisms capable of infection

30
Q

Diverticulosis

A

A condition where pouchlike sections that bulge through the large intestine’s muscular walls but no inflammation occur. They may cause bleeding, stomach distress, and excess gas.

31
Q

Drug Fast

A

Relating to, characteristic of, or being microorganisms that resist or become tolerant to an antibacterial agent.

32
Q

Dry Gangrene

A

Gangrene that develops as a result of arterial obstruction and is characterized by mummification of the dead tissue and absence of bacterial decomposition.

33
Q

Dys

A

means “difficult”

34
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal development or growth of tissues, organs, or cells.

35
Q

Dystrophy

A

any disorder due to defective or faulty nutrition

36
Q

Ecchymosis

A

The passage of blood from ruptured blood vessels into subcutaneous tissue, marked by a purple discoloration of the skin

37
Q

Ectasis

A

Dilation or distention of a tubular structure

38
Q

Ectomy

A

surgical removal of something, usually from inside the body.

39
Q

Ectopic

A

Out of place, as of an organ not in its proper position, or of a pregnancy occurring elsewhere than in the cavity of the uterus

40
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

In an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants in a location outside the uterus and tries to develop there

41
Q

Edema

A

Edema is a condition of abnormally large fluid volume in the circulatory system or in tissues between the body’s cells (interstitial spaces).

42
Q

Emaciation

A

The process of losing so much flesh as to become extremely thin; wasting.

43
Q

Embolism

A

An embolism is an obstruction in a blood vessel due to a blood clot or other foreign matter that gets stuck while traveling through the bloodstream.

44
Q

Emesis

A

The act or process of vomiting

45
Q

Emia

A

means “blood condition”

46
Q

Empyema

A

The presence of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural cavity

Pathology Units 5-8 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions