Unit 6 Flashcards
elect
(z)volit (si) *** v /ɪˈlekt/ to choose someone by voting so that they represent you or hold an official position The council is elected by popular vote.
childcare
péče o děti n U /ˈtʃaɪldˌkeə(r)/ the job of looking after children, especially while their parents are working She thinks that politicians should talk about equal pay and childcare.
make matters worse
zhoršit situaci phr /ˌmeɪk mætə(r)z ˈwɜː(r)s/ to make a situation worse A red-faced Gloystein made matters worse by attempting to be ‘friends’ with Mr Oelschlager.
bright
jasný; bystrý; zářivý *** adj /braɪt/ bright colours are strong but not dark He went bright red.
philosophical
filozofický ** adj /ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪk(ə)l/ relating to philosophy We spent the evening discussing philosophical problems. He’s a professor of philosophy.
spin doctor
expert na politickou propagandu n C /ˈspɪn ˌdɒktə(r)/ someone whose job is to give journalists information that makes a politician or an organization seem as good as possible The government relies too heavily on spin doctors.
offend
urazit; spáchat přestupek * v /əˈfend/ to make someone upset and angry by doing or saying something They avoided saying anything that might offend their audience.
get the sack
dostat vyhazov, vyletět /ˌɡet ðə ˈsæk/ to lose your job, especially for doing something wrong Have you heard the news about Frank getting the sack?
humiliating
ponižující; zesměšňující adj /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪtɪŋ/ making you feel very embarrassed and ashamed It was a humiliating mistake.
socialism
socialismus ** n U /ˈsəʊʃəˌlɪz(ə)m/ a political system that aims to create a society in which everyone has equal opportunities and in which the most important industries are owned or controlled by the whole community The country is moving towards socialism.
acutely
silně; naléhavě adv /əˈkjuːtli/ used for emphasizing that a feeling, often an unpleasant one, is very strong The situation brought back memories that were acutely painful.
fair
spravedlivý *** adj /feə(r)/ if a situation is fair, everyone is treated equally and in a reasonable way The country will hold its first free and fair elections in the summer.
chancellor
kancléř n C /ˈtʃɑːnsələ(r)/ the leader of the government in some countries, for example Germany and Austria The Germans elected a woman Chancellor.
mess (sth) up
zpackat; zaneřádit phr /ˌmes ˈʌp/ to make something dirty or untidy They had managed to mess up the whole office.
cruise
plavit se * v /kruːz/ to sail in a ship for pleasure, especially to a series of places The first week was spent cruising around the Baltic.
issue
věc *** n C /ˈɪʃuː/ /ˈɪsjuː/ a subject that people discuss or argue about, especially relating to society, politics etc It’s a website devoted to environmental issues.
representative
zástupce *** n C /ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/ someone who has been chosen or elected by a person or group to vote, give opinions, or make decisions for them She’s an elected representative.
grant
poskytnout; připustit *** v /ɡrɑːnt/ to allow someone to have or do what they want The Board has refused to grant your request.
compulsory
povinný ** adj /kəmˈpʌlsəri/ something that is compulsory must be done because of a rule or law School uniform is no longer compulsory in many British schools.
philosophy
filozofie *** n U /fɪˈlɒsəfi/ “the study of theories about the meaning of things such as life, knowledge, and beliefs He studied politics and philosophy.”
ballot paper
volební lístek n C /ˈbælət ˌpeɪpə(r)/ a ballot that you write your vote on The ballot paper lists every candidate standing for election in alphabetical order.
resign
odstoupit; vzdát se funkce *** v /rɪˈzaɪn/ to state formally that you are leaving a job permanently It now seems clear that she will resign her directorship immediately.
parliament
parlament *** n U /ˈpɑː(r)ləmənt/ the main law-making institution in some countries. In the UK, Parliament consists of politicians elected to the House of Commons and members of the House of Lords Most of the seats in Parliament are won by the main political parties.
turnout
účast n C /ˈtɜː(r)naʊt/ the number of voters in an election We’re expecting quite a low turnout for the local elections.
horrified
zděšený adj /ˈhɒrɪfaɪd/ very shocked or frightened Police were horrified to discover a child’s body in the empty building.
blush
červenat se * v /blʌʃ/ if you blush, your cheeks become red because you feel embarrassed or ashamed ‘A few of the girls were after me,’ he recalled, blushing slightly.
ad
reklama; inzerát n C /æd/ an advertisement He put an ad in the local paper.
stand for
symbolizovat; znamenat v /ˈstænd fɔː(r)/ to try to get chosen in an election for a particular position or as a member of a particular institution. In American English, you say that someone runs for office She is intending to stand for Parliament.
ashamed
(be ~) stydět se; ostýchat se ** adj /əˈʃeɪmd/ feeling guilty or embarrassed because you have done something wrong, or think that you have not reached a standard that people expect He’s extremely ashamed of his behaviour last night.
realism
realismus * n U /ˈrɪəˌlɪz(ə)m/ the ability to accept events and situations as they really are and to deal with them in a practical way Though a romantic at heart, she had a strong streak of realism.
proceedings
postup; opatření ** n pl /prəˈsiːdɪŋz/ an event or series of related events Martin kicked off the proceedings with a stunning performance of his new hit single.
provoke
dráždit; provokovat ** v /prəˈvəʊk/ to deliberately try to make someone angry He’s just trying to provoke you.
outcome
výsledek; závěr *** n C /ˈaʊtˌkʌm/ the final result of a process, meeting, activity, etc So we’re not really arguing about the end, the outcome, it’s about how we get there.
democratic
demokratický *** adj /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/ involving elections in which people vote for their political representatives We wouldn’t have a democratic system if people hadn’t fought for the right to vote.
refer to (sth)
mluvit o; odvolávat se na *** v /rɪˈfɜː(r) tuː/ to describe something, or to be about something The term ‘groupware’ refers to software designed to be used by several computer users at once.
racism
rasismus * n U /ˈreɪˌsɪz(ə)m/ a way of behaving or thinking that shows that you do not like or respect people who belong to races that are different from your own and that you believe your race is better than others There have been allegations of racism against the police.
object to (sth)
namítat; protestovat * v /ɒbˈdʒekt tuː/ to be opposed to something, or to express your opposition to it in words Local residents objected to the proposed development.
pour
(na)lít; (na)sypat *** v /pɔː(r)/ to make a liquid or substance flow out of a container that you are holding He poured the last of his drink down the sink.
pacifism
pacifismus n U /ˈpæsɪˌfɪz(ə)m/ the belief that violence is wrong and that people should refuse to fight in wars My pacifism is an instinctive feeling.
head of state
hlava státu n C /ˌhed əv ˈsteɪt/ the leader of a country, for example a king, queen, or president Heads of state gathered to mark the organization’s 65th anniversary.
oversee
dohlížet; kontrolovat v /ˌəʊvə(r)ˈsiː/ to watch something in order to check that it works or happens in the way that it should It’s one of the government agencies that oversee the airline industry.
pessimism
pesimismus n U /ˈpesəˌmɪz(ə)m/ the attitude of someone who thinks that the worst thing will happen in every situation I share your pessimism about the situation.
apathy
otupělost; netečnost n U /ˈæpəθi/ a feeling of having no interest in or enthusiasm about anything, or of not being willing to make any effort to change things We need to solve the problem of public apathy towards politics.
magnum
velká láhev na víno n C /ˈmæɡnəm/ a large bottle that holds 1.5 litres The group of us shared a magnum of champagne.
self-conscious
nesmělý, rozpačitý adj /self ˈkɒnʃəs/ embarrassed or worried about how you look or what other people think of you Knowing they were watching me made me feel very self-conscious.
general election
všeobecné volby n /ˌdʒen(ə)rəl ɪˈlekʃ(ə)n/ an election in which every adult in the country can vote for the people who will represent them in parliament He announced that a general election will be held in the spring.
optimism
optimismus * n U /ˈɒptɪˌmɪzəm/ a tendency to be hopeful and to expect that good things will probably happen There’s still a degree of optimism that the leaders will deliver something.
supervise
dohlížet na něco, kontrolovat ** v /ˈsuːpə(r)vaɪz/ to be in charge of an activity or a place and to check that things are done correctly He’s supposed to be supervising other people’s work, not having his work supervised!
press charges
vznést obvinění phr /pres ˈtʃɑː(r)dʒ/ to officially accuse someone of committing a crime The police asked him if he wanted to press charges.
tearful
uplakaný; smutný adj /ˈtɪə(r)f(ə)l/ crying, or feeling as if you want to cry A tearful Oelschlager refused the offer.
secretarial
sekretářský, administrativní adj /ˌsekrəˈteəriəl/ relating to the work or skills of a secretary We need to hire more secretarial staff.
graduate
absolvent vysoké školy ** n C /ˈɡrædʒuət/ someone who has a degree from a university There are many possible careers for philosophy graduates.
un-PC
člověk, který není společensky nezávadný adj /ˌʌn piːˈsiː/ not politically correct. Politically correct language or behaviour is not offensive, especially to people who have often been affected by discrimination (=unfair treatment) He was sacked for being totally un-PC.
red-faced
zrudlý (rozčilením nebo rozpaky) adj /ˌredˈfeɪst/ with a red face, because of being embarrassed, angry, or hot The star was left red-faced by the revelations.
posting
odeslání poštou; sdělení skupině lidí n C /ˈpəʊstɪŋ/ a message sent over the Internet to a newsgroup etc I read a posting in the comments section of the article.
constituency
volební obvod ** n C /kənˈstɪtjʊənsi/ a division of a country that elects a representative to a parliament MPs have a duty to represent the views of their constituency.
discrimination
diskriminace ** n U /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ unfair treatment of someone because of their religion, race, or other personal features Ms Howell claimed she had been the victim of sexual discrimination.
deputy leader
náměstek, zástupce n C /ˌdepjʊti ˈliːdə(r)/ someone whose job is the second most important in a department or organization, and who takes the responsibilities of the most important person in some situations Peter Gloystein, the deputy leader of the German state of Bremen, caused acute embarrassment to the centre-right Christian Democrat party.
alienate
odcizit (se) v /ˈeɪliəneɪt/ to make someone feel that they do not belong in a place or group Quotas will simply alienate an awful lot of people.
own up to (sth)
přiznat se k něčemu phr /ˌəʊn ˈʌp tuː/ to admit that you have done something bad or embarrassing Two local students later owned up to the prank.
ageism
diskriminace starých lidí n U /ˈeɪdʒɪz(ə)m/ the practice of treating older people in an unfair or insulting way, for example by not giving them jobs Veteran presenters have attacked what they see as ageism by TV bosses.
democracy
demokracie *** n C/U /dɪˈmɒkrəsi/ a system of government in which people vote in elections to choose the people who will govern them It can be seen as a threat to democracy.
democrat
demokrat * n C /ˈdeməkræt/ someone who supports democracy as a political system This bill will be welcomed by democrats everywhere.
candidate
kandidát; uchazeč *** n C /ˈkændɪdeɪt/ /ˈkændɪdət/ one of the people competing in an election He will be the Conservative candidate at the next election.
grounds
základ tvrzení n pl /ɡraʊndz/ a reason for what you say or do, or for being allowed to say or do something Those were not grounds for dismissal.
sexism
diskriminace podle pohlaví n U /ˈseksɪz(ə)m/ the belief that men and women should be treated in a different way and are suited to different types of jobs and different positions in society The interview concluded with a discussion of what can be done to combat sexism in society.
electorate
voliči n C /ɪˈlekt(ə)rət/ all the people who are allowed to vote in an election It’s a policy designed to appeal to all sections of the electorate.
idealism
idealismus n U /aɪˈdɪəˌlɪz(ə)m/ a very strong belief in something which is good but probably impossible to achieve She was always letting her idealism get in the way of practicalities.
offensive
pohoršlivý; nepřístojný * adj /əˈfensɪv/ unpleasant or insulting, and likely to make people upset or embarrassed They’ve banned books containing offensive language.
close range
zblízka, z těsné blízkosti phr /ˌkləʊs ˈreɪndʒ/ only a short distance away, or separated by only a short distance Craig Evans, threw an egg at him from close range.
competent
kompetentní ** adj /ˈkɒmpɪtənt/ capable of doing something in a satisfactory or effective way She’s a very competent worker.
scribble
(na)čmárat (nečitelně) v /ˈskrɪb(ə)l/ to write something quickly and carelessly He scribbles something down.
foot and mouth disease
slintavka a kulhavka n U /ˌfʊt ən ˈmaʊθ dɪˌziːz/ a very infectious disease of sheep, cows, and pigs There has been an outbreak of foot and mouth disease.
right
pravý; správný *** n C /raɪt/ something that you are morally or legally allowed to do or have You have no right to come barging in here like that.
Member of Parliament
poslanec * n C /ˌmembə(r) əv ˈpɑː(r)ləmənt/ someone who people have elected to represent them in a parliament. Members of Parliament are usually called MPs He’s the Member of Parliament for Bethnal Green.
liability
přítěž ** n U /ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/ someone or something that causes problems for someone The man’s a liability!
centre-right
středo-pravý adj /ˌsentə(r)ˈraɪt/ if a party is centre-right it is right-wing but not very strongly The president’s centre-right party has won 97% of the constituencies.
promptly
okamžitě; pohotově * adv /ˈprɒmptli/ used for saying that someone does something immediately after doing another thing when this is surprising He offered to help, then promptly forgot.
blank
prázdný; nepopsaný ** adj /blæŋk/ blank paper or a blank space is empty and contains no writing or other marks Write your name in the blank space at the top of the page.
humiliating
ponižující; zesměšňující adj /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪtɪŋ/ making you feel very embarrassed and ashamed They’ve mad a humiliating mistake.
on purpose
záměrně adv /ɒn ˈpɜː(r)pəs/ deliberately Did you do that on purpose?
commit to
zavázat se k něčemu v /kəˈmɪt tuː/ to promise to do something Encourage your client to commit to their goals.
memo
oběžník, zpráva n C /ˈmeməʊ/ a short note that you send to someone who you work with She sent a memo to her staff telling them about the change.
sure as hell
naprosto jisté phr /ˌʃɔː(r) əz ˈhel/ used for saying that something is very certain Sure as hell should be!
bribe
podplatit v /braɪb/ to give money or presents to someone so that they will help you by doing something dishonest or illegal They were found guilty of trying to bribe officials.
outbreak
vzplanutí, vypuknutí * n C /ˈaʊtˌbreɪk/ the sudden start of war, disease, violence etc An outbreak of food poisoning led to the deaths of five people.
candidate
kandidát; uchazeč ** n C /hiːl/ one of the people competing for a job The ideal candidate will have excellent secretarial skills, a good phone manner and a smart appearance.
condescending
povýšený; přehlíživý adj /ˌkɒndɪˈsendɪŋ/ showing that you think you are more important or more intelligent than other people She spoke to me in a very condescending manner.
nationalism
nacionalismus * n U /ˈnæʃ(ə)nəˌlɪz(ə)m/ the wish for political independence of a group of people with the same language, culture, history, etc. Some people in Scotland support Scottish nationalism.
suffragette
bojovnice za ženská práva n C /ˌsʌfrəˈdʒet/ in the UK and US, a woman who took part in public protests about giving women the right to vote in the early 1900s The importance of the suffragette movement should not be underestimated.
