Unit 4 Flashcards
balance
rovnováha; harmonie *** n C /ˈbæləns/ a situation in which different aspects or features are treated equally or exist in the correct relationship to each other A healthy diet is about getting the correct balance of a variety of foods.
assertive
průbojný; asertivní adj /əˈsɜː(r)tɪv/ behaving in a confident way in which you are quick to express your opinions and feelings You need to be more assertive to succeed in business.
regain
znovu nabýt/získat ** v /rɪˈɡeɪn/ to get something again that you lost, especially an ability or a mental state You should soon regain your appetite.
abolition
odstranění, zákaz n U /ˌæbəˈlɪʃ(ə)n/ the official end to a law, system, practice etc James is in favour of the abolition of the death penalty.
fear
strach *** n U /fɪə(r)/ the feeling that you have when you are frightened Edward knew it was dangerous, but he felt no fear.
cruel
krutý; ukrutný ** adj /ˈkruːəl/ someone who is cruel enjoys causing pain to other people or animals, or enjoys making them unhappy or upset How could you be so cruel to someone who never did you any harm?
equal
rovný; rovnocenný *** adj /ˈiːkwəl/ the same in value, amount, or size President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Bill which granted equal rights to all American citizens.
defy
vzdorovat, postavit se čemu v /dɪˈfaɪ/ to refuse to obey someone or something The commander defied a direct order to surrender.
stick
hůl ** n C /stɪk/ a thin piece of wood that has been broken or cut from a tree I went out to find some sticks for a fire.
confront
čelit, postavit se něčemu ** v /kənˈfrʌnt/ to deal with a difficult situation They have to confront the object of their fears.
pass down
předat mladšímu členovi rodiny v /ˌpɑːs ˈdaʊn/ to give knowledge or teach skills to your children or to younger people These traditional stories have been passed down from parent to child over many generations.
threat
hrozba *** n C /θret/ a situation or an activity that could cause harm or danger Officials were confident there had been no threat to public health.
drop in
stavit se (na krátkou návštěvu) v /ˌdrɒp ˈɪn/ to make a short visit somewhere Why don’t you drop in for coffee some time?
tale
příběh; vyprávění; historka ** n C /teɪl/ a story about imaginary events or people We read tales of bravery and romance.
distress
strádání; tíseň ** n U /dɪˈstres/ a feeling that you have when you are very unhappy, worried, or upset I wouldn’t want to cause her any distress.
grant
poskytnout; připustit *** v /ɡrɑːnt/ to allow someone to have or do what they want Irish nationalists urged the British government to grant an amnesty to all political prisoners.
capacity
kapacita; způsobilost *** n C / U /kəˈpæsəti/ the ability to do something Harry had a tremendous capacity for work.
openness
otevřenost; upřímnost * n U /ˈəʊpənnəs/ an honest way of talking or behaving in which you do not try to hide anything The judge praised him for his honesty and openness.
anxious
dychtivý; úzkostlivý; naplněný obavami ** adj /ˈæŋkʃəs/ worried because you think something bad might happen His silence made me anxious.
principal
hlavní, ústřední *** adj /ˈprɪnsəp(ə)l/ main, or most important The principal aim of the project is to provide an answer to this question.
stand up for
zastat se někoho v /stænd ˈʌp fɔː(r)/ to defend someone or something that is being criticized or attacked You’ve got to stand up for what you believe in.
mass
masový; hromadný ** adj /mæs/ involving or affecting a large number of people The government is trying to solve the problem of mass unemployment.
free
volný; svobodný *** adj /friː/ not a prisoner or a slave He will soon be a free man again.
prone to
náchylný k * adj /ˈprəʊn ˌtuː/ likely to do something or be affected by something, especially something bad The coastal region is prone to earthquakes.
bravery
statečnost; odvaha n U /ˈbreɪvəri/ brave behaviour She showed bravery in the face of danger.
homeless
bez domova * adj /ˈhəʊmləs/ without a place to live The government runs hostels for young homeless people.
cautious
opatrný * adj /ˈkɔːʃəs/ careful to avoid problems or danger Perhaps a more cautious approach would bring better results.
liberate
osvobodit v /ˈlɪbəreɪt/ to give someone the freedom to do what they want, for example by taking them out of a situation in which their behaviour is controlled People thought technology had the power to liberate them from hard work.
timid
plachý; bojácný adj /ˈtɪmɪd/ shy and nervous She gave me a timid smile.
fang
tesák, zub n C /fæŋ/ one of the long pointed teeth that some animals have, for example snakes, dogs, and tigers The snake bared its fangs.
gradual
postupný * adj /ˈɡrædʒuəl/ gradual processes and changes happen slowly and by small amounts Scientists have observed a gradual change in the climate.
swallow
polknout; polykat ** v /ˈswɒləʊ/ to make food or drink go from your mouth down through your throat and into your stomach She quickly swallowed the rest of her coffee.
unreasonable
nemající rozum; neracionální * adj /ʌnˈriːz(ə)nəb(ə)l/ not sensible She has an unreasonable fear of spiders.
equality
rovnost ** n U /ɪˈkwɒləti/ the state of being equal, especially in having the same rights, status, and opportunities The Party is committed to sexual and racial equality.
trigger
spoušť ** v /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/ to cause someone to have a particular feeling or memory People with a phobia often have an object that triggers their fears.
scout
zvěd; průzkumník * n C /skaʊt/ a boy or girl who is a member of the Scouts, an organization that encourages boys and girls to learn practical skills and help other people The proceeds all go to good causes – the boy and girl scouts, the Red Cross, the homeless.
course
chod (jídla) *** n C /kɔː(r)s/ one of the parts of a meal I had prawns, followed by steak for my main course.
spark
jiskra, jiskřit, podnítit * v /spɑː(r)k/ to make something happen, especially something involving violence or angry feelings The protests were sparked by the firing of two restaurant employees.
acronym
akronym n C /ˈækrənɪm/ an abbreviation consisting of letters that form a word. For example, NATO is an acronym for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It’s a very memorable acronym.
deep-fried
smažený adj /ˌdiːpˈfraɪd/ cooked in a lot of hot oil I love deep-fried onions.
reverend
reverend, pastor, farář n C /ˈrev(ə)rənd/ a title used for some Christian priests and ministers That’s the Reverend Francis Keenan.
severe
těžký (úraz) *** adj /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ a severe pain, injury, or illness is one which is serious and unpleasant They suffer severe panic attacks.
overturn
převrátit v /ˌəʊvə(r)ˈtɜː(r)n/ to say officially that something such as a decision or law is wrong and change it The appeal court refused to overturn the lower court’s decision.
sacking
propustění z práce; strčení do pytle n C /ˈsækɪŋ/ rattlesnake sacking is a sport in which people try to get live rattlesnakes into a sack without being injured Later in the programme, we’ll visit the Rattlesnake Sacking Championships.
slavery
otroctví n U /ˈsleɪvəri/ the condition of being a slave, or of having to work for another person These were women who were forced into sexual slavery.
pray
modlit se ** v /preɪ/ to speak to God or a saint, for example to give thanks or ask for help Some people go to church to pray.
anxiety
úzkost; strach ** n U /æŋˈzaɪəti/ a worried feeling you have because you think something bad might happen A lot of students suffer from anxiety at exam time.
well-done
dobře propečený (steak) adj /ˌwelˈdʌn/ well-done meat is meat that has been completely cooked Would you like your steak rare, medium-rare or well-done?
bake
péct (nikoli maso) * v /beɪk/ to cook food in an oven Bake the fish for about ten minutes.
frail
křehký, chtrný * adj /freɪl/ physically weak and not very healthy He is frail, but still manages to walk with a stick.
cruelty
krutost; ukrutnost * n C / U /ˈkruːəlti/ behaviour that deliberately causes pain to other people or animals, or that makes them unhappy or upset She was shocked by the cruelty of his words.
abusive
sprostý; vulgární adj /əˈbjuːsɪv/ using offensive or insulting language He started receiving abusive text messages.
ensure
zajistit, zaručit *** v /ɪnˈʃɔː(r)/ to make certain that something happens or is done Our new system ensures that everyone gets paid on time.
antidote
protilátka, protijed n C /ˈæntɪˌdəʊt/ a substance that prevents a poison from having bad effects There is no known antidote to the poison.
back
podpořit *** v /bæk/ to give support to a person, organization, or plan, making them more likely to succeed We’ll back you all the way on this one!
fearless
nebojácný adj /ˈfɪə(r)ləs/ not afraid of anyone or anything. This word shows that you admire people like this. She was a fearless critic of the corrupt leadership.
self-assured
sebejistý adj /ˌselfəˈʃɔː(r)d confident and relaxed because you are sure of your abilities He’s a little too self-assured for my liking.
coarse
sprostý, hrubý * adj /kɔː(r)s/ a coarse substance or surface feels rough and hard The jacket was made of coarse material.
insure
pojistit * v /ɪnˈʃɔː(r)/ to regularly pay an insurance company an amount of money so that they will give you money if something that you own is damaged, lost, or stolen, or if you die or are sick or injured His appearance was so repulsive that I had to have my mirrors insured.
abolish
zrušit; odstranit ** v /əˈbɒlɪʃ/ to officially get rid of a law, system, practice etc Britain abolished slavery in 1807.
acupuncture
akupunktura n U /ˈækjʊˌpʌŋktʃə(r)/ a medical treatment from China that involves putting special needles into particular parts of the body Have you tried acupunture or alternative medicine?
harassment
obtěžování * n U /ˈhærəsmənt/ /həˈræsmənt/ annoying or unpleasant behaviour towards someone that takes place regularly, for example threats, offensive remarks, or physical attacks The UN cannot tolerate the continuing harassment of peacekeeping soldiers.
conditioned
podmínečný, připravený adj /kənˈdɪʃ(ə)nd/ if someone is conditioned by their experiences or by another person, they are influenced by them so that they think or behave in a particular way A phobia is a conditioned reflex.
bare
holý; nepokrytý ** adj /beə(r)/ a part of your body that is bare is not covered by any clothes The idea is to pick up the snake with your bare hands and throw it in the sack.
herpetologist
odborník na plazy n C /ˈhɜː(r)pəˈtɒlədʒɪst someone who scientifically studies amphibians and reptiles I spoke to herpetologist, Chick Ferragamo, who introduced me to my first rattler.
venom
jed (hadí, hmyzí), zlost, hněv n U /ˈvenəm/ poison produced by some animals, especially snakes and insects The venom causes paralysis within a few minutes.
courage
odvaha ** n U /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ the ability to do something that you know is right or good, even though it is dangerous, frightening, or very difficult She has shown immense courage in opposing a corrupt and violent regime.
harm
poškození; ublížení ** n U /hɑː(r)m/ injury, damage, or problems caused by something that you do Too many projects that lead to environmental harm.
boycott
bojkot n C /ˈbɔɪˌkɒt/ to not take part in an event, or to not buy or use something as a protest She urged people to boycott the company’s products.
reasonable
rozumný; racionální *** adj /ˈriːz(ə)nəb(ə)l/ fair and sensible Some people think it is perfectly reasonable to climb into the mouth of a volcano.
tail
ocas ** n C /teɪl/ a part at the back of an animal’s body that can move The animal sprays liquid from a gland under its tail.
abuse
zneuží(va)t ** n C/U /əˈbjuːs/ cruel, violent, or unfair treatment, especially of someone who does not have the power to prevent it The regime had been responsible for serious human rights abuses.
domineering
tyranský; despotický adj /ˌdɒmɪˈnɪərɪŋ/ trying to control other people and make them obey you She has an unpleasant domineering personality.
rattle
rachotit; chrastit n C /ˈræt(ə)l/ part of a rattlesnake’s tail which makes short sharp knocking sounds as it moves or shakes The rattle on the end of the tail is a warning signal.
in a hurry
spěchat phr /ˌɪn ə ˈhʌri/ to do something or go somewhere quickly because you do not have much time A frail old lady steps in line ahead of them and claims that she is in a hurry.
disobey
neposlouchat v /ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ/ to deliberately do the opposite of what someone in authority has told you to do, or deliberately not obey a rule If you continue to disobey the rules, you will be punished.
caution
opatrnost ** n U /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/ careful thought and lack of hurry in order to try to avoid risks or danger We drove along the road with extreme caution.
disobedience
neposlušnost n U /ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiəns/ someone’s behaviour when they do not obey orders or rules Disobedience will not be tolerated.
brave
statečný; odvážný ** adj /breɪv/ capable of dealing with danger or pain, without seeming to be frightened It is easy to be brave from a safe distance.
culminate
vrcholit, kulminovat v /ˈkʌlmɪneɪt/ to happen or exist as the final result of a process or situation A series of financial disasters culminated in the collapse of the country’s largest bank.
plain
nížina; planina ** adj /pleɪn/ plain food is simple and does not have a lot of things added to it Plenty of stalls selling fried rattlesnake, rattlesnake kebabs, barbecued rattler, or just plain baked rattlesnake.
award
udělit; uložit (pokutu); přiznat (náhradu) *** v /əˈwɔː(r)d/ to give someone a prize or other reward because they have achieved something The prize is awarded annually.
enclosed
přiložený adj /ɪnˈkləʊzd/ surrounded by something and separated from what is outside He has a fear of enclosed spaces.
deserve
zasloužit si ** v /dɪˈzɜː(r)v/ if you deserve something, it is right that you get it, for example because of the way you have behaved After five hours on your feet you deserve a break.
fearful
bázlivý, strašlivý adj /ˈfɪə(r)f(ə)l/ frightened Fearful parents kept their children indoors.
treat (sb)
léčit někoho *** v /triːt/ to use medicine or medical methods to cure a patient or an illness Vitamin deficiency can be properly diagnosed and treated by a doctor.
overcome
přemoci; (be ~) zmocnit se ** v /ˌəʊvə(r)ˈkʌm/ to succeed in dealing with or controlling a problem What can I do to overcome my fear of rejection?
reason
důvod; příčina *** n C /ˈriːz(ə)n/ a fact, situation, or intention that explains why something happened, why someone did something, or why something is true What was your reason for not liking the film?
hypnosis
hypnóza n U /hɪpˈnəʊsɪs/ a very relaxed state in which you seem to be sleeping but can still react to someone else’s suggestions He was under hypnosis for about an hour.
panic
panika; zmatkovat ** n U / v /ˈpænɪk/ a sudden strong feeling of fear or worry that makes you unable to think clearly or calmly She felt a moment of sheer panic.
install
(na)instalovat; (na)montovat ** v /ɪnˈstɔːl/ to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make it ready for use Crime has decreased since the security cameras were installed.
plane
letadlo *** n C /pleɪn/ an aircraft with wings and at least one engine Terrorists release two passengers from the plane.
oversleep
zaspat v /ˌəʊvə(r)ˈsliːp/ to wake up later than you intended to Sorry I’m late. I overslept.
folks
lidi; rodiče ** n pl /fəʊks/ people Folks can watch the snake handling shows throughout the day.
victim
oběť *** n C /ˈvɪktɪm/ someone who has suffered as a result of the actions or negative attitudes of someone else or of people in general He was a victim of racism.
bossy
panovačný adj /ˈbɒsi/ someone who is bossy keeps telling other people what to do, in a way that annoys them Don’t be so bossy!
risky
riskantní * adj /ˈrɪski/ involving the possibility of danger, harm, or failure I wouldn’t do it if I were you – it’s too risky.
round-up
zátah, razie, přehled, sehnání stád dobytka n C /ˈraʊndʌp/ an occasion when animals or people are forced to gather together in one place The police conducted a round-up of suspects.
rattlesnake
chřestýš n C /ˈræt(ə)lˌsneɪk/ a poisonous US snake that makes a noise that sounds like a rattle with its tail Rattlesnakes usually hunt at night.
risk
riziko *** n C / U /rɪsk/ the possibility that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen Some people’s fear of flying is far out of proportion to the actual risk it involves.
rattler
chřestýš n C /ˈræt(ə)lə(r)/ a rattlesnake I was bitten by a rattler.
freedom
svoboda; volnost *** n C /ˈfriːdəm/ the right to do what you want, make your own decisions, and express your own opinions You can’t separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has freedom.
courageous
odvážný; statečný adj /kəˈreɪdʒəs/ very brave and determined You’ve taken a courageous decision today.
reassured
klidný díky ujištění ** adj /ˌriːəˈʃʊə(r)d/ made to feel less worried about something Feeling better informed, but not particularly reassured it was time to move on to Sweetwater.
privilege
výsada; pocta ** n C /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ a special benefit that is available only to a particular person or group Cheap air travel is one of the privileges of working for the airline.
harmless
neškodný * adj /ˈhɑː(r)mləs/ not causing any harm Most of these bugs are harmless to us.
needle
jehla; jehlice ** n C /ˈniːd(ə)l/ a very thin sharp metal tube used for putting medicine or drugs into your body, or for taking blood out. It is attached to a plastic tube called a syringe He has a fear of needles.
reserved
zdrženlivý adj /rɪˈzɜː(r)vd/ someone who is reserved tends not to talk about or show their feelings They are emotionally reserved.
