unit 6 Flashcards
According to the DSM-5, what is a mental disorder characterized by?
A syndrome with significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in underlying psychological, biological, or developmental processes.
What is the clinical significance of all disorders determined by, according to the DSM-5?
The impairment it causes in functional areas like relationships, employment, and family.
What is a delusion, according to the text?
An often highly personal idea or belief system, not endorsed by one’s culture, that is maintained with conviction despite evidence to the contrary.
What is an erotomanic delusion?
When an individual believes falsely that another person is in love with him or her.
What is the primary purpose of the DSM-5-TR?
To update and clarify content without making wholesale structural or organizational changes.
What new disorder was added to the DSM-5-TR?
Prolonged Grief Disorder.
How does culture affect psychological disorders, according to the text?
Culture affects the subjective experience, expression of symptoms, diagnoses, treatment, and evaluation of treatment results.
What are the two main perspectives on culture and psychopathology?
The relativist perspective and the universalist/absolutist perspective.
What does the relativist perspective propose about psychopathology?
Psychopathology is unique for each culture and cannot be understood beyond its context.
What does the universalist or absolutist perspective propose about psychopathology?
Psychopathological phenomena are largely invariable across cultures in their symptoms.
Give an example of a culture-bound syndrome, described in the text.
Amok (Malaysia), a sudden explosion of rage.
What are central symptoms in the integrating view of psychopathology?
Symptoms observed in practically all cultures.
What are peripheral symptoms in the integrating view of psychopathology?
Culture-specific symptoms.
What are some central symptoms of major depressive episodes, as described in the text?
Dysphoria, loss of energy, and ideas of insufficiency.
Give an example of a peripheral symptom of depression, as displayed by patients in the U.S. and Canada.
Guilty feelings.
What are cultural syndromes according to the DSM-5?
Clusters of symptoms and attributions that tend to co-occur among individuals in specific cultural groups.
What is an example of a culture-bound syndrome related to witchcraft or sorcery?
A syndrome characterized by anxiety, gastrointestinal complaints, weakness, and fear of being poisoned or killed in the Caribbean.
What are some central symptoms of anxiety disorders?
Persistent worry, fear, and a state of apprehensive anticipation.
What are some peripheral symptoms of anxiety disorders?
The way a person views their success or financial failures.
What are some universal core symptoms of depression?
Dysphoria, tension, lack of energy, and ideas of insufficiency.
What are some cultural variations in how depression is expressed?
Headache (Latino and Mediterranean countries), ‘heart’ problems (Middle Eastern), somatic (Asian).
Are the symptoms of schizophrenia universal?
Yes, they appear to be universal.
What is one cultural variation observed in schizophrenia rates?
Higher rates among African Americans in the United States compared to whites.
What is a major contributor to suicide?
Depressive illness.
How do personality disorders relate to cultural expectations?
They represent enduring patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate markedly from the expectations of an individual’s culture.
What is meant by the ‘tolerance threshold’ when referring to personality disorders?
A measure of societal tolerance or intolerance toward specific personality traits in a cultural environment.
How do cultural filters influence the evaluation of personality traits?
Some traits are ‘standard’ from one cultural perspective but seen as abnormal from another.
Give one example of a cultural factor influencing substance abuse.
Marijuana laws in Holland and Brazil.
How can a therapist’s cultural background influence their perception of different behaviors?
Their perceptions and beliefs may predispose them to ‘see’ psychopathology wherever they look.
What is a framework for successful patient-therapist interactions, as described in the text?
The therapist and client should compare their explanations of the problem to reach a joint understanding.
