unit 6

Question 1

According to the DSM-5, what is a mental disorder characterized by?

Answer 1

A syndrome with significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in underlying psychological, biological, or developmental processes.

Question 2

What is the clinical significance of all disorders determined by, according to the DSM-5?

Answer 2

The impairment it causes in functional areas like relationships, employment, and family.

Question 3

What is a delusion, according to the text?

Answer 3

An often highly personal idea or belief system, not endorsed by one’s culture, that is maintained with conviction despite evidence to the contrary.

Question 4

What is an erotomanic delusion?

Answer 4

When an individual believes falsely that another person is in love with him or her.

Question 5

What is the primary purpose of the DSM-5-TR?

Answer 5

To update and clarify content without making wholesale structural or organizational changes.

Question 6

What new disorder was added to the DSM-5-TR?

Answer 6

Prolonged Grief Disorder.

Question 7

How does culture affect psychological disorders, according to the text?

Answer 7

Culture affects the subjective experience, expression of symptoms, diagnoses, treatment, and evaluation of treatment results.

Question 8

What are the two main perspectives on culture and psychopathology?

Answer 8

The relativist perspective and the universalist/absolutist perspective.

Question 9

What does the relativist perspective propose about psychopathology?

Answer 9

Psychopathology is unique for each culture and cannot be understood beyond its context.

Question 10

What does the universalist or absolutist perspective propose about psychopathology?

Answer 10

Psychopathological phenomena are largely invariable across cultures in their symptoms.

Question 11

Give an example of a culture-bound syndrome, described in the text.

Answer 11

Amok (Malaysia), a sudden explosion of rage.

Question 12

What are central symptoms in the integrating view of psychopathology?

Answer 12

Symptoms observed in practically all cultures.

Question 13

What are peripheral symptoms in the integrating view of psychopathology?

Answer 13

Culture-specific symptoms.

Question 14

What are some central symptoms of major depressive episodes, as described in the text?

Answer 14

Dysphoria, loss of energy, and ideas of insufficiency.

Question 15

Give an example of a peripheral symptom of depression, as displayed by patients in the U.S. and Canada.

Answer 15

Guilty feelings.

Question 16

What are cultural syndromes according to the DSM-5?

Answer 16

Clusters of symptoms and attributions that tend to co-occur among individuals in specific cultural groups.

Question 17

What is an example of a culture-bound syndrome related to witchcraft or sorcery?

Answer 17

A syndrome characterized by anxiety, gastrointestinal complaints, weakness, and fear of being poisoned or killed in the Caribbean.

Question 18

What are some central symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Answer 18

Persistent worry, fear, and a state of apprehensive anticipation.

Question 19

What are some peripheral symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Answer 19

The way a person views their success or financial failures.

Question 20

What are some universal core symptoms of depression?

Answer 20

Dysphoria, tension, lack of energy, and ideas of insufficiency.

Question 21

What are some cultural variations in how depression is expressed?

Answer 21

Headache (Latino and Mediterranean countries), ‘heart’ problems (Middle Eastern), somatic (Asian).

Question 22

Are the symptoms of schizophrenia universal?

Answer 22

Yes, they appear to be universal.

Question 23

What is one cultural variation observed in schizophrenia rates?

Answer 23

Higher rates among African Americans in the United States compared to whites.

Question 24

What is a major contributor to suicide?

Answer 24

Depressive illness.

Question 25

How do personality disorders relate to cultural expectations?

Answer 25

They represent enduring patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate markedly from the expectations of an individual’s culture.

Question 26

What is meant by the ‘tolerance threshold’ when referring to personality disorders?

Answer 26

A measure of societal tolerance or intolerance toward specific personality traits in a cultural environment.

Question 27

How do cultural filters influence the evaluation of personality traits?

Answer 27

Some traits are ‘standard’ from one cultural perspective but seen as abnormal from another.

Question 28

Give one example of a cultural factor influencing substance abuse.

Answer 28

Marijuana laws in Holland and Brazil.

Question 29

How can a therapist’s cultural background influence their perception of different behaviors?

Answer 29

Their perceptions and beliefs may predispose them to ‘see’ psychopathology wherever they look.

Question 30

What is a framework for successful patient-therapist interactions, as described in the text?

Answer 30

The therapist and client should compare their explanations of the problem to reach a joint understanding.