All Unit questions Flashcards
What is Cross-Cultural Psychology?
The scientific study of variations in human behavior influenced by cultural context.
What are the goals of Cross-Cultural Psychology?
Transporting psychological hypotheses, discovering cultural variations, and integrating into universal psychology.
What does motivation mean in psychology?
A condition that initiates, activates, or maintains goal-directed behavior.
What is the Marshmallow Experiment?
A study showing that delayed gratification in children is linked to positive outcomes like better grades and stress management.
What is the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis?
Frustration leads to aggressive behavior when goals are blocked.
What are cultural-bound syndromes?
Clusters of symptoms recognized as coherent patterns in specific cultural groups, not necessarily aligning with Western illness categories.
What are central and peripheral symptoms?
Central symptoms are universal, while peripheral symptoms are culturally specific expressions of disorders.
What is the DSM-5 definition of mental disorders?
Syndromes causing significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior with underlying dysfunctions.
What are basic universal emotions?
Anger, fear, happiness, sadness, and disgust recognized across cultures.
What is individualism’s impact on emotion?
Positively correlates with expressing happiness; negatively correlates with expressing sadness.
What is the Relativist Perspective on psychopathology?
Psychological disorders are unique to each culture and shaped by socioeconomic, religious, and political norms.
What is the Universalist Perspective on psychopathology?
Mental disorders have absolute, largely invariant symptoms across cultures.
What is the Humanistic Theory of Motivation?
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs explains motivation through innate needs ranked by importance.
What are physiological responses in emotions?
Includes activation of the amygdala, hypothalamus, and brain cortex to appraise and display emotions.
