UNIT 6 Flashcards

1
Q

why is it beneficial to analyse human resources

A

good to analyse to aid decisions for employees

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2
Q

why might people leave a business?

A

travelling, redundancy, pay

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3
Q

how do i calculate staff retention

A

number of staff leaving in 1y
average no. of staff

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4
Q

what does a high labour turnover do to a business

A

increases cost of recruitment

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5
Q

how to calculate labour productivity

A

output/ no. of workers

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6
Q

how to calculate unit labour costs

A

labour costs/ units of output

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7
Q

what happens to labour cost if employees have training

A

increases

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8
Q

what happens to labour costs if employees are ineffective

A

decreases

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9
Q

how to calculate employee costs in relation to revenue?

A

employee costs/ revenue X100

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10
Q

define job design

A

contents of a job, in terms of responsibility and duties

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11
Q

name 3 influences on job design

A

new technology
need to focus from corporate objectives
customer satisfaction focus
health and safety requiremnts

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12
Q

define job rotation

A

mixing tasks within a job to decrease boredom

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13
Q

define job enrichment

A

adding challenge onto the job, adding things the employees enjoy to do as an extra challenge

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14
Q

define empowerment

A

employees make decisions without consulting

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15
Q

whats an organisational structure

A

shows how employees are organised in a business

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16
Q

whats a span of control

A

number of subordinates a line manager is supervising

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17
Q

whats a chain of command

A

the route through messages are passed

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18
Q

whats a tall organisational structure

A
  • Many leaders and layers of management.
  • ‘Top-down’ approach with a long chain of command.
    -Managers will have a narrow span of control.
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19
Q

3 advantages of a tall structure

A
  • opportunities for promotion
  • responsible for fewer
  • can spot which sections needs developing
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20
Q

3 disadvantages of a tall structure

A
  • “ them and us “ feeling
  • chain of command increase
  • messages can be disorted due to the chain of command increase
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21
Q

whats a flat organisational structure

A

-few or no levels of middle management between executives and employees
- Its goal is to have as little hierarchy as possible.

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22
Q

3 advantages of flat organisational structure

A
  • feels like a team
  • few managers needed
  • quicker communication
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23
Q

3 disadvantages of flat structure

A
  • large span of control
  • less promotion oppourtunity
  • if unorganised,the mistakes are more work for the business
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24
Q

whats a centralised structure

A

head office makes all decisions for branches, therefore branches get little power for decision making

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25
Q

3 advantages of centralised structure

A
  • senior managers have experience
  • decisions are beneficial, easier to meet overall objective
  • economies of scale
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26
Q

3 disadvantages of a centralised structure

A
  • stops new ideas
  • less delegation means less motivation
  • job satisfaction loss
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27
Q

whats a decentralised structure

A

managers of local branches make decisions

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28
Q

2 advantages of decentralised

A
  • motivation
  • an increase in new ideas may spark profit for the branch eg: environmental ideas
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29
Q

2 disadvantages of decentralised

A
  • slow decision making as managers are less experienced
  • less economies of scale as purchase orders are local
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30
Q

values of changing organisational design

A
  • layering and delayering improves efficiency and communication
  • competitiveness, responds faster than competitors
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31
Q

name the 3 types of human resource flow

A
  • human inflow
  • human outflow
  • internal human flow
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32
Q

3 examples of human inflow

A

recruitment, selection, induction

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33
Q

2 examples of human outflow

A

dismissed, retirement

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34
Q

3 examples of internal human flow

A

promotions, redeployment, performance management

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35
Q

what 4 things should be included in a ‘job title’

A
  • reporting to…
  • purpose of job
  • salary
  • main duties
36
Q

what should be included in a person specification

A

what qualities and skills are needed for the business
essential vs desirable

37
Q

4 benefits of an internal human flow

A
  • cheaper to employ
  • quicker advertising
  • candidates pre aware of business
  • motivation for current employees
38
Q

2 advantages of externally advertising job

A

reaches more candidates
new ideas brought in

39
Q

define motivation

A

the art of getting people to do what you want, with them wanting to

40
Q

what did Frederick Taylor say improves motivation

A
  • motivated by money only
  • incentives with financial rewards eg: piece rate pay
41
Q

what did Elton Mayo suggest improves motivation

A

motivated by the people, a friendly team
- conducted productivity and social experiments

42
Q

what did Maslow suggest improved motivation

A

following the hierarchy of needs
- each stage must be met before moving onto the next

43
Q

what did Herzbag state improved motivation

A
  • provided with motivating and hygenic factors
  • unhygienic factors can cause a lack of motivation eg: lots of rules within the business
44
Q

name 5 financial incentives

A

salary
commision
profit share
piece rate pay
performance pay

45
Q

name 5 non financial incentives

A

job design
team working
flexibility
recognition
job enrichment

46
Q

PIECE RATE PAY ADV AND DISADVANTAGES

A
  • motivation increase
  • overwhelming and draining
47
Q

SALARY
ADV AND DISADV

A

guaranteed and promotion adjustments
no overtime pay

48
Q

COMMISION
ADV AND DISADV

A

motivation to upsell
lies and bias?

49
Q

PERFORMANCE RATED PAY
ADV AND DISADV

A

motivated
overexhausted

50
Q

job design
ADV AND DISADV

A

clear and defined
boring?

51
Q

employee recognition
ADV AND DISADV

A

motivates others
maybe recognising wrong ppl

52
Q

FLEXIBILITY
ADV AND DISADV

A

comfortable, could lead to laziness

53
Q

JOB ENRICHMENT
adv and disadv

A

a break for employees
more work

54
Q

TEAM WORKING
adv and disadv

A

friendships, following Mayos theory
clashes and conflict

55
Q

whats a trade union

A

an organisation established to protect and improve working conditions as well as pay of employees

56
Q

benefits of trade union

A
  • ## gives employees advice eg: maternity leave, legal help
57
Q

whats a work council

A

workers and managers meet to discuss issues eg: pay and conditions

58
Q

what does a work council do

A

allows workers to voice concerns without trade unions

59
Q

what does EWC stand for

A

European Work Council

60
Q

whats an employee commitee

A

group of employees, meeting and discussing issues.
work done can be discussed

61
Q

name 4 influences on employee representation

A

nature of work i.e. low skill workers will have less input
leadership style eg: autocratic may oppose to much union
time, a business in crisis may want to speed up things
history and values of business

62
Q

3 benefits if effective communications

A
  • develops a strong employer brand
  • improves motivation, job security?
  • increases competitiveness
63
Q

3 disadvantages of effective communication

A
  • no opportunity for feedback, undervalued?
  • no time to discuss with employees
  • clash when 2 business’ merge
64
Q

3 internal influences on setting HR objectives

A

culture ie. fast food vs turnover
other departments
funding available

65
Q

4 external influences on HR setting objectives

A
  1. technology- recruitment skill
  2. economy- recruitment cost
  3. ethical and environment ie. 0 hour contract dissaproval
  4. law- employment laws
66
Q

what objectives would HR install if labour productivity was low

A

replace employees or give them bigger incentives in hopes to motivate

67
Q

what objectives would HR install if labour productivity was high

A

bonuses and rewards ( financial and non )

68
Q

3 influences on organisational design

A

size of business
culture of business
objectives of business

69
Q

whats working capital

A

amount of cash a business has available to pay day to day debts

70
Q

how to find working capital

A

current assets- current liabilities

71
Q

whats fixed capital

A

money used to buy non current assets

72
Q

what does non realisable value mean

A

money a business could get by selling the stock in its current state

73
Q

whats realisable value

A

amount paid for the stock

74
Q

why do business calculate depreciation

A

because they need to ensure the asset value is a reflection of what they would get by selling it

75
Q

what are suppliers interested in

A

working capital and how liquid your assets are

76
Q

5 hard approach characteristics

A

employees seen as resources
hired on short term basis
managers believe employees are money motivated
appraisers are judged
training done to meet production

77
Q

4 soft approach characteristics

A

employees most important resources
hired on long term basis
believes working is natural
training for development need

78
Q

one adv two disadv of hard approach

A

increase in control means less mistakes
dont use employees to full potential, profit missed?
demotivation means high staff turnover

79
Q

two adv two disadv of soft approach

A

increase staff morale- retention
loyalty
costs eg: investments like training
time consuming

80
Q

whats venture capital

A

money invested in a project

81
Q

adv of venture capital

A

offer opportunity for expansion
no need to repay

82
Q

disadv of venture capital

A

company expected to grow rapidly
may loose ownership

83
Q

whats current assets

A

any resource a company can turn to cash in a year

84
Q

whats current liabilities

A

debts a business must pay back in a year

85
Q

whats current liabilities

A

debts a business must pay back in a year