unit 6 Flashcards
Promoter
specific region of a gene where
RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription
RNA splicing
Process by which the introns are removed from RNA transcripts
and the remaining exons are joined together
Transcription factors
Number of proteins that regulates transcription
Introns
interrupting sequences that do not code for any protein but are found between exons
Exons
are nucleotide sequences that carry information for protein synthesis
5’ cap
The 5’ end of a pre-mRNA
molecule modified by the addition of a cap of guanine nucleotide.
3’ poly a tail
Modified end of the 3’ end of an mRNA molecule consisting of the addition of some 50 to 250 adenine nucleotides.
Point mutations
changes in a single nucleotide pair ot a gene
Silent mutation
A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created.
Missense mutation
A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid.
Non sense mutation
A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.
Frameshift mutation
Mutation that shifts the “reading frame” of the genetic message by inserting or deleting nucleotides
Insertion/deletion
additions or losses of nucleotide pairs in a gene
Poly ribosome
string of ribosomes simultaneously translating regions of the same mRNA strand during protein synthesis
Translation
the synthesis of a polypeptide using the information in the messenger RNA (mRNA).
