unit 5 vocab

Question 1

homologous chromosomes

Answer 1

two chromosomes, one of paternal origin, the other of maternal origin, that are identical in appearance and pair during meiosis.

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg.

Question 3

Synapsis

Answer 3

pairing of one maternal chromosome and paternal chromosome (homologous chromosomes) during the start of meiosis

Question 4

Haploid cell

Answer 4

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).

Question 5

Diploid cell

Answer 5

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.

Question 6

Crossing over

Answer 6

The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.

Question 7

F1 generation

Answer 7

The first filial, hybrid (heterozygous) offspring arising from a parental (P generation) cross.

Question 8

F2 generation

Answer 8

The offspring resulting from interbreeding (or self-pollination) of the hybrid
F1 generation.

Question 9

Incomplete dominance

Answer 9

The phenomenon in which two true-breeding parents crossed to produce an heterozygous offspring is called incomplete dominance. It is also referred to as partial dominance or intermediate inheritance.

Question 10

Intermediate offspring

Answer 10

Means the same as heterozygous offspring

Question 11

Co-dominance

Answer 11

inheritance pattern where two alleles are expressed equally, and neither allele is dominant or recessive.

Question 12

Law of independent assortment

Answer 12

the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene

Question 13

Law of segregation

Answer 13

The two alleles for each gene will separate during meiosis, as diploid cells become haploid.

Question 14

Phenotype

Answer 14

The observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup.

Question 15

Quantitative character

Answer 15

A heritable feature that varies continuously over a range rather than in an either-or fashion.

Question 16

Testcross

Answer 16

Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype. The ratio of phenotypes in the offspring reveals the unknown genotype.

Question 17

Hybridization

Answer 17

In genetics, the mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties.

Question 18

Genotype

Answer 18

The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism.

Question 19

Epistasis

Answer 19

is a circumstance where the expression of one gene is modified (e.g., masked, inhibited or suppressed) by the expression of one or more other genes.

Question 20

Complete dominance

Answer 20

The situation in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.

Question 21

empirical probability

Answer 21

calculated from real - life observations

Question 22

theoretical probability

Answer 22

event in calculated based on into abour the rules ll circumstances than produce that

Question 23

X-linked gene

Answer 23

A gene located on the X chromosome; such genes show a distinctive pattern of inheritance.

Question 24

Aneuploidy

Answer 24

A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number.

Question 25

Genomic imprinting

Answer 25

A phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent.

Question 26

Independent assortment

Answer 26

Random assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Question 27

What is the purpose of meiosis

Answer 27

To make gametes for sexual reproduction and four genetically unique haploid cells

Question 28

Prophase 1

Answer 28

Crossing over for genetic variation occurs during this

Question 29

PMAT

Answer 29

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 30

Metaphase

Answer 30

Chromosomes are in the middle, independent assortment occurs

Question 31

autosomal dominant

Answer 31

If there is one offspring w/o the dominant trait it’s prob autosomal dominant

Question 32

Autosomal recessive

Answer 32

If there’s one that dominant it’s prob autosomal recessive