Unit 6 Flashcards
Behavioral efficiency: _____
Same or more reinforcement is produced for less effortful responses
Component skills: _____
Basic elements of higher-order skills
Composite skills: _____
Combination of 1 or more component skills to form a more complex response
Contingency-shaped behavior is: _____
Behavior acquired by direct experience
Rule-governed behavior is behavior primarily controlled by: _____
Verbal descriptions of an A-B-C contingency
Instructions: Steps to (3): _____
(1) Learn a skill
(2) Complete a task
(3) Reach a desired result
A rule is a: _____
Verbal account of the contingencies of behavior
Implicit rule: Antecedent, target behavior, or consequence are: _____
Missing or unclear
Explicit rule: Antecedent, target behavior, and consequence are: _____
Clearly described
An accurate rule: _____
Correctly describes contingencies to occur, given certain behavior
An inaccurate rule: _____
Incorrectly describes behavior-environment relation
A contingency contract (between 2+ parties) specifies the: _____
Consequence(s) that will follow completion of target behavior(s)
Response cost:
What is it?: _____
Response-contingent loss of appetitive stimuli
Response cost:
What does it do?: _____
Decreases the future frequency of specified or similar responses
Premack principle: _____
Low-p behavior is reinforced by opportunity to engage in high-p behavior
Group contingency:
Consequence for the group is contingent on (3): _____
(1) Individual member
(2) Subset of the group
(3) Whole group
Independent group contingency:
What is it?: _____
Single contingency in effect for all group members individually
Independent group contingency:
Who receives the reward?: _____
Individual members who meet the criterion
Dependent group contingency:
Who must meet the requirement?: _____
1 person or subset of group
Dependent group contingency:
Who receives the reward?: _____
All members of the group
Interdependent group contingency:
What is it?
All members earn the reward only if all members meet the criterion
Indiscriminable group contingency:
Cannot predict reward delivery based on: _____
(1) Group members
(2) Target behaviors
(3) Settings
(4) Rewards
(5) Times
Token economy: _____
Behavioral program where participants earn generalized conditioned reinforcers (tokens) for specified behaviors
Tokens are exchanged for: _____
Backup reinforcers
Tokens are a form of: _____
Generalized conditioned reinforcers
Backup reinforcers can include (3): _____
(1) Privileges
(2) Activities
(3) Preferred stimuli
Backup reinforcers are received by: _____
Exchanging tokens earned
A level system is a: _____
Behavioral program where participants have different statuses
Level system adjusts: _____
Amount of reinforcement to a person’s level (status) within the system
Self-management: _____
Application of behavior change strategies to one’s own behavior
Self-monitoring: _____
Person observes and records their own occurrence or nonoccurrence of a target behavior
Generative instruction:
Teaching procedures that lead to: _____
Emergence of a complex behavioral repertoire without explicit instruction
Stimulus equivalence: Describes the development of: _____
Novel (untrained) stimulus relations after reinforcement history with relating the stimuli
MTS is a discrete trial procedure that: _____
Investigates conditional relations and stimulus equivalence
Reflexivity: Learner selects: _____
Comparison stimulus that is the same as the sample stimulus
Reflexivity occurs without: _____
Direct training or contingencies of reinforcement
Symmetry is a stimulus-stimulus relation demonstrated through: _____
Reversibility with the comparison stimulus
Derived relational responding: _____
Responding to 1 stimulus in terms of another stimulus
Derived relational responding occurs without: _____
Direct training or contingencies of reinforcement
Transitivity is a stimulus-stimulus relation that emerges upon: _____
Being trained on 2 other stimulus-stimulus relations
RFT is a: _____
Generative approach to verbal behavior
RFT extends: _____
Skinner’s verbal behavior framework by accounting for language and cognition
Arbitrarily applicable relational responding (AARR):
Forming new stimulus classes with little or no reinforced practice
A relational frame is a: ____
Pattern of AARR
Features of a relational frame (3): _____
(1) Mutual entailment
(2) Combinatorial entailment
(3) Transformation of stimulus function
Mutual entailment is a : _____
Derived bidirectional relation where 1 “direction” was directly trained
Combinatorial mutual entailment involves: _____
2 stimuli that participate in mutual entailment with a common 3rd stimulus
Transformation of stimulus function: _____
Function of 1 stimulus systematically changes due to change in another stimulus in the same class
Suggested term for “rules”: _____
Contingency-specifying stimuli
Blakely & Schlinger, 1987
Specificity of the rule, accuracy of the rule, complexity of the rule, who provides the rule, timing of the rule consequence, learner’s history with the rule: These are the: _____
6 factors that impact the effectiveness of rules
Premack principle AKA: _____
Grandma’s Law
Types of group contingencies (3): _____
(1) Independent
(2) Dependent
(3) Interdependent
Types of stimulus equivalence (3): _____
(1) Reflexivity
(2) Symmetry
(3) Transitivity
3 characteristics of AARR: _____
(1) Mutual entailment
(2) Combinatorial mutual entailment
(3) Transformation of function
AARR stands for: _____
Arbitrarily applicable relational responding
