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Intro clinical lab > unit 5c > Flashcards

unit 5c Flashcards

1
Q

What is immunology?

A

Describes the function of the immune system; protects from pathogenic microorganisms

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2
Q

What are the two major components of immunology?

A

innate/natural

adaptive/specific

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3
Q

Innate immunity is made up of what four components?

A

natural barriers

white blood cells

non-specific

does not require previous exposure to antigen

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4
Q

examples of natural barriers.

A

skin
mucous membranes
proteins that cause inflammation

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5
Q

Adaptive/specific immunity is ___-____ and _____.

A

cell-mediated

humoral

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6
Q

what are the three antibody responses?

A

primary

secondary

seroconversion

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7
Q

what is primary antibody response?

A

occurs after first exposure to antigen

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8
Q

what is secondary antibody response?

A 
• Lymphocytes remember
antigen from previous
exposure
• Faster response time
• Referred to as
“anamnestic response”
*Vaccines and
immunizations work by
producing secondary
antibody response.
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9
Q

what is seroconversion antibody response?

A 
• Antibody is
present in a
patients serum
who was
previously
negative.
• Time it takes to
develop
antibodies after
exposure to
antigen
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10
Q

what is serology?

A

test for presence of immune reaction

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11
Q

In serology what is direct test?

A

test specifically for antigen

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12
Q

in serology what is an indirect test?

A
  • Tests for antigen/antibody complex • Toxins • Testing for immune response to antigens
  • Most common method used in serology
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13
Q

examples of antigens

A

transplanted tissue

bacteria

viruses

parasites

fomites

pollen

chemicals

toxins

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14
Q

what is Qualitative serology testing?

A

Is the antigen/antibody present?
• Helps determine presence of disease
• Positive or Negative

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15
Q

what is Semiquantitative serology testing?

A

Helps determine if the results exceed the normal levels of antibodies when disease isn’t indicated
• Measures “dilutional strength” of reaction—Titer!

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16
Q

what is Quantitative serology testing?

A
  • Measure the actual number of antigens/antibodies present

* Ex: Viral load for HIV

17
Q

what is the 1st step of the general flow of a serology test?

A

patients serum (liquid portion of clotted blood) is collected

serum is collected in RED, GOLD, or TIGER top tube

18
Q

what is the 2nd step of the general flow of a serology test?

A

serum is mixed with commercial antigen similar to target pathogen

19
Q

what is the 3rd step of the general flow of a serology test?

A

antigens are labeled with “tags”

  • fluorescent marker
  • radioisotope
  • latex bead
20
Q

what is the 4th step of the general flow of a serology test?

A

if present, antibodies in the patient serum will react (agglutinate) with the labeled antigens

21
Q

what is the 5th step of the general flow of a serology test?

A

antigen labeled tag allows for visualization agglutination

22
Q

list examples of autoimmune diseases

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Lupus)
• Type I Diabetes
• Myasthenia Gravis

23
Q

list examples of hypersensitivity (allergies)

A

Hay fever
Asthma
Dermatitis

24
Q

list examples of malignancies

A
  • Leukemias
  • Lymphomas
  • Multiple Myeloma
25
Q

list examples of acquired immunodeficiencies

A 
infection
systemic disease
malignancies
drug reactions
irradiation
26
Q

list examples of cogenital immunodeficiencies

A

DiGeorge syndrome

agammaglobulinemia

severe combined immunodefiency

27
Q

within adaptive immunity the cell-mediated immune response is?

A
  • controlled by activated T-cells (T-lymphocytes)
  • recognition of self and non-self cells
  • attacks viral infected cells, fungi, tumor cells, & intracellular organisms
28
Q

within adaptive immunity humoral immune response is?

A
  • controlled by activated B cells (lymphocytes) and Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
  • attacks bacteria, toxins, and circulating antigens

Intro clinical lab (9 decks)

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